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Tranexamic acid has been used for treating melasma due to its effect on decreasing the activity of tyrosinase and melanogenesis. This 3-arm clinical trial will asess the efficacy and safety of oral and topical tranexamic acid as monotherapy compared with topical hydroquinone for 12 weeks in adults with melasma. The primary outcome will be the percentage of reduction at 12-week period of mMASI and melanin index. The incidence of adverse effects will be reported at weeks 4, 8 and 12.
Tranexamic acid has been used for treating melasma due to its effect on decreasing the activity of tyrosinase and melanogenesis. This 3-arm clinical trial will asess the efficacy and safety of oral and topical tranexamic acid as monotherapy compared with topical hydroquinone for 12 weeks in adults with melasma. One hundred and twenty patients will be recruited in 3 groups of intervention: group I with tranexamic acid at a dose of 250 mg bid orally, group II with 5% topical tranexamic acid bid, group III with 4% topical hydroquinone once daily. The primary outcome will be the percentage of reduction at 12-week period of mMASI and melanin index. The incidence of adverse effects will be reported at weeks 4, 8 and 12.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral tranexamic acid | Experimental | 250 mg of tranexamic acid bid orally |
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| Topical tranexamic acid | Experimental | 5% topical tranexamic acid bid |
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| Topical hydroquinone | Active Comparator | 4% hydroquinone once daily at night |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Tranexamic Acid | Drug | Participants will take a pill of 250 mg bid for 12 weeks |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of mMASI (Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index) | The difference between mMASI (Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index) at week 0 and mMASI (Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index) at week 12 | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Quality of life | The reported change of the score of DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) at week 0 versus week 12. Total score ranges from 0 to 30 and the difference between the score at week 0 and week 12 will be calculated. | 12 weeks |
| Melanin index |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Martha A Morales-Sánchez, MD | Contact | 55387033 | 312 | mmoraless@sersalud.df.gob.mx |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Martha A Morales-Sánchez, MD | Centro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centro Dermatológico "Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua" | Mexico City | 06780 | Mexico |
Only if researchers ask for the complete data of the trial.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008548 | Melanosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017495 | Hyperpigmentation |
| D010859 | Pigmentation Disorders |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014148 | Tranexamic Acid |
| C031927 | hydroquinone |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003509 | Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids |
| D000146 | Acids, Carbocyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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Three-arm clinical trial
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Participants will receive both topical and oral interventions. Group 1: pills of tranexamic acid 250 mg bid plus placebo gel bid, Group 2: pills of placebo bid plus 5% tranexamic acid gel bid and Group 3: pills of placebo bid plus 4% hydroquinone cream at night and a placebo cream at morning. Containers will be of identical appearance.
| 5% topical tranexamic acid | Drug | Participants will apply a layer of gel on the affected skin bid for 12 weeks |
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| 4% hydroquinone | Drug | Participants will apply a layer of cream on the affected skin once at night |
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The difference between melanin index at week 0 versus week 12. The melanin index will be measure with Mexameter® MX 18. Total index ranges from 0 to 999. |
| 12 weeks |