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Treatment of acute calcaneus fractures includes non- or partial weight bearing, but protocols are different and often not very specific. In fact, there are no studies published comparing different procedures or special supporting devices. Recently, a heel-unloading orthosis ('Settner shoe') was introduced, allowing walking by shifting the load to the middle- and forefoot. Specifically in calcaneus fractures, early regain of physical activity has been highlighted as one of the key factors for quality of life and the ability to return to work. Thus, the investigators hypothesize that mobilization with the 'Settner shoe' results in higher physical activity within the first 3 months and secondly improves ability to return to work in calcaneus fracture patients aged 18-60 years.
In the past decades, the scientific focus regarding calcaneus fractures was the choice of operative or non-operative treatment modality. Although the evidence is ambiguous, recent meta-analyses suggest that operative therapy is associated with a higher likelihood to resume pre-injury work, to reach a higher level of physical function and fewer problems when wearing shoes. However, non-operative therapy has significant less complications and infections. Typically, aftercare includes non- or partial weight bearing, but protocols are different and often not very specific. In fact, there are no studies published comparing different procedures or special supporting devices. Recently, a heel-unloading orthosis ('Settner shoe') was introduced in aftercare for calcaneus fractures, allowing walking by shifting the load to the middle- and forefoot. This orthosis does not only enable early mobilization of patients suffering one-sided fractures, but also permits going following two-sided fractures, avoiding the otherwise necessary wheel-chair mobilization. The 'Settner shoe' can be applied in non-operative therapy and following operations. Specifically in calcaneus fractures, early regain of physical activity has been highlighted as one of the key factors for quality of life and the ability to return to work. Thus, the investigators hypothesize that mobilization with the 'Settner shoe' results in higher physical activity within the first 3 months and secondly improves ability to return to work in calcaneus fracture patients aged 18-60 years. Further outcome criteria are the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society's (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot assessment, a 3-dimensional gait analysis, and the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. It is the first trail applying a standardized aftercare in patients suffering from calcaneus fractures aiming to improve the non-operative part of treatment. Furthermore, the trial clarifies, whether the economical effort for the equipment acquisition is scientifically justified.
The investigators hypothesize that mobilization with the 'Settner shoe' results in higher physical activity within the first 3 months after calcaneus fractures.
Research questions
Does the application of a heel-unloading orthosis ('Settner shoe') independent of operative or non-operative therapy of a calcaneus fracture improve:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current standard | No Intervention |
| |
| Intervention | Experimental |
|
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settner shoe | Device | custom-made heel-unloading orthosis ('Settner shoe') in aftercare of calcaneus fractures (used according to manufacturer), certified 'CE' product with more than 10 years experience |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| activity | the number of active minutes per day | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| QoL | the EuroQol 5D-3L questionnaire following | 3 months |
| QoL | the EuroQol 5D-3L questionnaire following | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| AOFAS | functional foot score, The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score, includes pain, function, alignment, for AOFAS calculation the subscores are added, ranges between 0 (worst) and 100 (best) points | 3 months |
| AOFAS |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hagen Schmal, Prof | Contact | +45 2942 8705 | hagen.schmal@rsyd.dk | |
| Lasse Pedersen, MD | Contact | +45 6541 3560 | Lasse.Pedersen@rsyd.dk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hagen Schmal, Prof | University Hospital Odense, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Hospital Odense | Odense | Region Syddanmark | 5000 | Denmark |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23440830 | Background | Bruce J, Sutherland A. Surgical versus conservative interventions for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD008628. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008628.pub2. | |
| 10109801 | Background | EuroQol Group. EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990 Dec;16(3):199-208. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9. |
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There is no plan, may come.
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jan 10, 2018 | May 26, 2018 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: original version in Danish | Dec 26, 2017 | May 26, 2018 | ICF_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: translated version in English | Dec 26, 2017 | Jun 15, 2018 | ICF_002.pdf |
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The study design is a parallel group, randomized controlled trial with open allocation including all patients with calcaneus fractures independent of kind of initial therapy.
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| activity | the number of active minutes per day | 6 months |
functional foot score, The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score, includes pain, function, alignment, for AOFAS calculation the subscores are added, ranges between 0 (worst) and 100 (best) points
| 6 months |
| Gait | 3-dimensional gait analysis | 3 months |
| Work | time point of return to work | 6 months |
| Range of motion (ROM) | Pro- and supination (percent of healthy side or assumed normal mobility) are analyzed. | 3 months |
| Range of motion (ROM) | Pro- and supination (percent of healthy side or assumed normal mobility) are analyzed. | 6 months |
| pain | The subjective pain of patients is assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in combination with registration of their pain medication, which is classified according to the WHO pain ladder. The Summary Pain Score (SPS) is calculated from the sum of the two components. VAS 0 (best) - 10 (worst) WHO scale for pain medication 0 (best, lowest) - 5 (worst, highest) | 3 months |
| pain | The subjective pain of patients is assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in combination with registration of their pain medication, which is classified according to the WHO pain ladder. The Summary Pain Score (SPS) is calculated from the sum of the two components. VAS 0 (best) - 10 (worst) WHO scale for pain medication 0 (best, lowest) - 5 (worst, highest) | 6 months |
| 1602349 | Background | Sanders R. Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: present state of the art. J Orthop Trauma. 1992;6(2):252-65. doi: 10.1097/00005131-199206000-00022. No abstract available. |
| 31164153 | Derived | Schmal H, Larsen AH, Froberg L, Erichsen JL, Madsen CF, Pedersen L. The effect of a heel-unloading orthosis in short-term treatment of calcaneus fractures on physical function, quality of life and return to work - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019 Jun 4;20(1):324. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3447-8. |