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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| WW International Inc | INDUSTRY |
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This is a randomized controlled trial to test the effects on WBI of a novel psychological intervention combined with standard behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment, as compared to BWL alone. Participants will be a total of 72 men and women seeking weight loss, ages 18-65 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or above, a history of experiencing weight bias, and elevated levels of WBI. Participants will attend a screening visit in which they will complete a behavioral evaluation with a psychologist and a medical history that will be reviewed by a nurse practitioner or physician. Questionnaires assessing experiences and internalization of weight bias, with confirmation by interviewer assessment during the behavioral evaluation, will be used to determine whether participants meet criteria for having high levels of WBI. Eligible consenting participants will be randomly assigned to the standard BWL intervention (n = 36) or the BWL + BIAS program (n = 36). All participants will attend weekly, 90-minute group meetings for 12 weeks (12 visits). In the BWL + stigma intervention, 60 minutes will be devoted to BWL and 30 minutes to weight stigma. In the standard BWL treatment group, the additional 30 minutes will be devoted to sharing recipes and food preparation tips. Following 12 weeks of weight loss treatment, participants will attend group meetings focused on weight loss maintenance, every-other-week from weeks 13-16 (2 visits), and monthly from weeks 17-26 (2 visits). Maintenance sessions in the BWL + stigma group will continue to incorporate discussion of WBI. Assessments - which include questionnaires and measurements of body weight - will occur at baseline and weeks 12 and 26. Weight will be measured at every group meeting for clinical purposes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| BWL + BIAS | Experimental | The behavioral weight loss (BWL) + weight bias internalization and stigma (BIAS) group will include standard BWL treatment (described in more detail in Intervention section) combined with a weight stigma-reduction intervention. During the initial 12 weeks, the weekly 60-minute BWL sessions will be followed by 30 minutes devoted to stigma-related content. In the every-other-week and monthly weight loss maintenance sessions from weeks 13-26, strategies for coping with weight stigma and challenging internalized beliefs will be reviewed, and participants will be encouraged to use these strategies specifically in the context of weight management. |
|
| Standard BWL | Active Comparator | The Standard BWL group will receive weekly BWL sessions (described in more detail in Intervention section) for 12 weeks, followed by every-other-week and monthly weight loss maintenance sessions from weeks 13-26. BWL content will last for 60 minutes, with an additional 30 minutes in this group devoted to discussing recipes and food preparation. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BWL | Behavioral | The BWL sessions will be based on the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) manual. A diet of 1200-1499 calories per day will be prescribed for participants < 250 lb, and 1500-1800 for those ≥ 250 lb. Participants will be instructed to eat a balanced deficit diet. Session topics during the first 12 weeks will include self-monitoring, stimulus control, slowing eating, social support, cognitive restructuring, portion sizes, and goal-setting. Those during weeks 13-26 will focus on continued self-monitoring and skills required for weight loss maintenance and relapse prevention. Physical activity will be prescribed at a level consistent with data showing that >250 min/wk is associated with improved long-term weight loss. BWL sessions will last 60 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Weight Bias Internalization | Estimated mean change score on the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (scale scoring 1-7; higher scores indicate greater weight bias internalization) | Baseline to week 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Weight Bias Internalization | Estimated mean change score on the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (scale scoring 1-7; higher scores indicate greater weight bias internalization) | Baseline to week 26 |
| Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Coping Behaviors in Response to Weight Stigma | Estimated mean change score on the Coping with Weight Stigma Questionnaire for Full scale and four subscales of Negative Affect, Maladaptive Eating, Healthy Lifestyle, and Exercise Avoidance (scale scoring 0-4 for Full scale and all subscales); higher scores indicate greater endorsement of coping strategies | Baseline to week 12 |
Inclusion Criteria:
Eligible female patients will be:
Participants must:
Exclusion Criteria:
Applicants will be excluded if they have:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rebecca L Pearl, PhD | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The University of Pennsylvania Center for Weight and Eating Disorders | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32860344 | Derived | Pearl RL, Wadden TA, Bach C, Tronieri JS, Berkowitz RI. Six-Month Follow-up from a Randomized Controlled Trial of the Weight BIAS Program. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Oct;28(10):1878-1888. doi: 10.1002/oby.22931. Epub 2020 Aug 28. |
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Recruitment began April 2018 and ended October 2018. Participants were recruited by flyers, local media, and physician referrals for a study about weight loss and social experiences related to weight. Participants were screened by telephone and by a subsequent in-person behavioral evaluation and brief medical evaluation.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | BWL + BIAS | In the behavioral weight loss (BWL) + weight bias internalization and stigma (BIAS) group, participants received 60-minute BWL sessions followed by 30 minutes of a weight stigma-reduction intervention. Participants received weekly group treatment sessions for 12 weeks, followed by every-other-week and monthly sessions from weeks 13-26. |
| FG001 | Standard BWL | In the BWL group, participants received 60-minute BWL sessions followed by 30 minutes devoted to discussing recipes and food preparation. Participants received weekly group treatment sessions for 12 weeks, followed by every-other-week and monthly sessions from weeks 13-26. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | BWL + BIAS | In the behavioral weight loss (BWL) + weight bias internalization and stigma (BIAS) group, participants received 60-minute BWL sessions followed by 30 minutes of a weight stigma-reduction intervention. Participants received weekly group treatment sessions for 12 weeks, followed by every-other-week and monthly sessions from weeks 13-26. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Weight Bias Internalization | Estimated mean change score on the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (scale scoring 1-7; higher scores indicate greater weight bias internalization) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
|
Week 1 through week 26
At each contact with participants, study personnel non-systematically collected information on any adverse events (AEs) self-reported by participants. In addition, AEs were systematically assessed at the scheduled assessments. AEs were documented by study staff in consultation with a nurse practitioner and/or physician. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported immediately to the study sponsor, Data and Safety Monitor, and the Institutional Review Board.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | BWL + BIAS | In the behavioral weight loss (BWL) + weight bias internalization and stigma (BIAS) group, participants received 60-minute BWL sessions followed by 30 minutes of a weight stigma-reduction intervention. Participants received weekly group treatment sessions for 12 weeks, followed by every-other-week and monthly sessions from weeks 13-26. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypokalemia | Renal and urinary disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viral gastroenteritis | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Rebecca Pearl | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania | 215-746-5129 | rpearl@pennmedicine.upenn.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 1, 2019 | Mar 6, 2019 | Prot_SAP_003.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013240 | Stereotyping |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D015431 | Weight Loss |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015982 | Bias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015981 | Epidemiologic Factors |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
| D011634 | Public Health |
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|
| BIAS | Behavioral | Following 60 minutes of BWL treatment, the BIAS intervention will devote 30 minutes to stigma-related content. Session topics will include: psychoeducation about weight and weight stigma; challenging myths and cognitive distortions related to weight; strategies for coping with instances of stigma; and increasing empowerment and body esteem. The effects of weight stigma on health behaviors will be discussed, and sessions will focus specifically on helping participants overcome stigma-related barriers to weight management. In the every-other-week and monthly weight loss maintenance sessions from weeks 13-26, strategies for coping with weight stigma and challenging internalized beliefs will be reviewed, and participants will be encouraged to use these strategies in the context of weight management. |
|
Estimated mean change score for Total score (WSSQ-Total, summed 12-60) and two subscales of Self-Devaluation (WSSQ-SD) and Fear of Enacted Stigma (WSSQ-FNE) (summed 6-30); higher scores indicate greater weight self-stigma
| Baseline to week 12 |
| Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) | Estimated mean change score for Total score (WSSQ-Total, summed 12-60) and two subscales of Self-Devaluation (WSSQ-SD) and Fear of Enacted Stigma (WSSQ-FNE) (summed 6-30); higher scores indicate greater weight self-stigma | Baseline to week 26 |
| Weight Bias | Estimated mean change score on the Fat Phobia Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater weight bias) | Baseline to week 12 |
| Weight Bias | Estimated mean change score on the Fat Phobia Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater weight bias) | Baseline to week 26 |
| Weight-Related Quality of Life | Estimated mean change score on the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite for Total score and five subscales of Physical Function, Self Esteem, Sexual Life, Work, and Public Distress (transformed scores 0-100; higher scores indicate better quality of life) | Baseline to week 12 |
| Weight-Related Quality of Life | Estimated mean change score on the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite for Total score and five subscales of Physical Function, Self Esteem, Sexual Life, Work, and Public Distress (transformed scores 0-100; higher scores indicate better quality of life) | Baseline to week 26 |
| Perceived Stress | Estimated mean change score on the Perceived Stress Scale (summed 0-40; higher scores indicate greater perceived stress) | Baseline to week 12 |
| Perceived Stress | Estimated mean change score on the Perceived Stress Scale (summed 0-40; higher scores indicate greater perceived stress) | Baseline to week 26 |
| Depression | Estimated mean change score on the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (summed 0-27; higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression) | Baseline to week 12 |
| Depression | Estimated mean change score on the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (summed 0-27; higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression) | Baseline to week 26 |
| Exercise Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (summed 0-90; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Baseline to week 12 |
| Exercise Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (summed 0-90; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Baseline to week 26 |
| Eating Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Weight and Lifestyle Efficacy - Short Form (summed 0-80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Baseline to week 12 |
| Eating Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Weight and Lifestyle Efficacy - Short Form (summed 0-80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Baseline to week 26 |
| Percent Weight Change | Estimated mean change in percent weight change. Weight measured in kilograms (kg). | Baseline to week 26 |
| Waist Circumference | Estimated mean change in waist circumference (cm). | Baseline to week 26 |
| Blood Pressure | Estimated mean change in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure; mmHg), controlling for blood pressure medication. | Baseline to week 26 |
| Coping Behaviors in Response to Weight Stigma | Estimated mean change score on the Coping with Weight Stigma Questionnaire for Full scale and four subscales of Negative Affect, Maladaptive Eating, Healthy Lifestyle, and Exercise Avoidance (scale scoring 0-4 for Full scale and all subscales); higher scores indicate greater endorsement of coping strategies | Baseline to week 26 |
| Body Esteem | Estimated mean change score on the Body Appreciation Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater body appreciation) | Baseline to Week 12 |
| Body Esteem | Estimated mean change score on the Body Appreciation Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater body appreciation) | Baseline to Week 26 |
| Body Dissatisfaction | Estimated mean change score on the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) | Baseline to Week 12 |
| Body Dissatisfaction | Estimated mean change score on the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) | Baseline to Week 26 |
| Disordered Eating | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire for Global score and four subscales of Eating Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern (scale scoring 0-6 for Global score and all subscales; higher scores indicate greater pathology) | Baseline to Week 12 |
| Disordered Eating | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire for Global score and four subscales of Eating Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern (scale scoring 0-6 for Global score and all subscales; higher scores indicate greater pathology) | Baseline to Week 26 |
| Eating Behaviors | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Inventory Questionnaire for three subscales of Dietary Restraint (summed 0-21), Disinhibition (summed 0-16), and Hunger (summed 0-14); higher values indicate greater restraint/disinhibition/hunger | Baseline to Week 12 |
| Eating Behaviors | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Inventory Questionnaire for three subscales of Dietary Restraint (summed 0-21), Disinhibition (summed 0-16), and Hunger (summed 0-14); higher values indicate greater restraint/disinhibition/hunger | Baseline to Week 26 |
| Anxiety | Estimated mean change score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (summed 0-21; higher scores indicate greater anxiety) | Baseline to Week 12 |
| Anxiety | Estimated mean change score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (summed 0-21; higher scores indicate greater anxiety) | Baseline to Week 26 |
| Dietary Monitoring | Estimated mean change in number of days recording caloric intake | Baseline to Week 12 |
| Dietary Monitoring | Estimated mean change in number of days recording caloric intake | Baseline to Week 26 |
| Self-Reported Self-Monitoring Behaviors | Estimated mean change in self-reported frequency of tracking of: weight, food/drink, calories, and physical activity; 0-4 rating for each of the four behaviors (higher scores indicate greater self-reported frequency of self-monitoring behavior) | Baseline to Week 12 |
| Self-Reported Self-Monitoring Behaviors | Estimated mean change in self-reported frequency of tracking of: weight, food/drink, calories, and physical activity; 0-4 rating for each of the four behaviors (higher scores indicate greater self-reported frequency of self-monitoring behavior) | Baseline to Week 26 |
| Weight Bias Internalization | Estimated mean change score on the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (scale scoring 1-7; higher scores indicate greater weight bias internalization) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) | Estimated mean change score for Total score (WSSQ-Total, summed 12-60) and two subscales of Self-Devaluation (WSSQ-SD) and Fear of Enacted Stigma (WSSQ-FNE) (summed 6-30); higher scores indicate greater weight self-stigma | Baseline to week 52 |
| Weight Bias | Estimated mean change score on the Fat Phobia Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater weight bias) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Depression | Estimated mean change score on the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (summed 0-27; higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Perceived Stress | Estimated mean change score on the Perceived Stress Scale (summed 0-40; higher scores indicate greater perceived stress) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Exercise Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (summed 0-90; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Weight-Related Quality of Life | Estimated mean change score on the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite for Total score and five subscales of Physical Function, Self Esteem, Sexual Life, Work, and Public Distress (transformed scores 0-100; higher scores indicate better quality of life) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Eating Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Weight and Lifestyle Efficacy - Short Form (summed 0-80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Percent Weight Change | Estimated mean change in percent weight change. Weight measured in kilograms (kg) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Waist Circumference | Estimated mean change in waist circumference (cm) | Baseline to week 52 |
| Blood Pressure | Estimated mean change in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure; mmHg), controlling for blood pressure medication. | Baseline to week 52 |
| Body Esteem | Estimated mean change score on the Body Appreciation Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater body appreciation) | Baseline to Week 52 |
| Coping Behaviors in Response to Weight Stigma | Estimated mean change score on the Coping with Weight Stigma Questionnaire for Full scale and four subscales of Negative Affect, Maladaptive Eating, Healthy Lifestyle, and Exercise Avoidance (scale scoring 0-4 for Full scale and all subscales); higher scores indicate greater endorsement of coping strategies | Baseline to Week 52 |
| Body Dissatisfaction | Estimated mean change score on the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) | Baseline to Week 52 |
| Anxiety | Estimated mean change score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (summed 0-21; higher scores indicate greater anxiety) | Baseline to Week 52 |
| Disordered Eating | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire for Global score and four subscales of Eating Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern (scale scoring 0-6 for Global score and all subscales; higher scores indicate greater pathology) | Baseline to Week 52 |
| Eating Behaviors | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Inventory Questionnaire for three subscales of Dietary Restraint (summed 0-21), Disinhibition (summed 0-16), and Hunger (summed 0-14); higher values indicate greater restraint/disinhibition/hunger | Baseline to Week 52 |
| Self-Reported Self-Monitoring Behaviors | Estimated mean change in self-reported frequency of tracking of: weight, food/drink, calories, and physical activity; 0-4 rating for each of the four behaviors (higher scores indicate greater self-reported frequency of self-monitoring behavior) | Baseline to Week 52 |
| Treatment Acceptability Ratings | To assess treatment acceptability, participants in both groups rated (1-7) the BWL treatment, as well as the stigma intervention (i.e., BIAS component) or recipe exchange, on how helpful they found each component of the program, how much they liked the components, and how much they learned new skills or information from each component. Scores for these three items were averaged (1-7) separately for the BWL treatment, BIAS component, and recipe exchange. Higher scores indicate greater treatment acceptability. | Week 26 |
| Treatment Acceptability Ratings | To assess treatment acceptability, participants rated (1-7) 5 items to indicate the extent to which they found the program (as a whole) to be helpful and acceptable, and how much they liked, were satisfied with, and would recommend the program to others. Scores are averaged 1-7, with higher scores indicating greater treatment acceptability. | Week 52 |
| No longer interested |
|
| BG001 |
| Standard BWL |
In the BWL group, participants received 60-minute BWL sessions followed by 30 minutes devoted to discussing recipes and food preparation. Participants received weekly group treatment sessions for 12 weeks, followed by every-other-week and monthly sessions from weeks 13-26. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Weight | Average of duplicate measures of weight (with a digital scale; Detecto, model 6800A) obtained at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms |
|
| Height | Average of duplicate measures of height (with a wall-mounted stadiometer; Veeder-Root, Elizabethtown, NC) obtained at screening. | Mean | Standard Deviation | centimeters |
|
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | BMI was calculated at baseline by dividing participants' baseline weight (kilograms, kg) by their screening height (meters, m) squared (kg/m^2). | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg/m^2 |
|
| Waist Circumference | Average of duplicate measures of waist circumference measured (to the nearest 0.1 centimeter) with flexible tension-controlled measuring tape midway between the iliac crest and lowest rib. | Mean | Standard Deviation | centimeters |
|
| Blood Pressure | Average of duplicate measures of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure; mmHg) obtained at screening using an automated Dinamap monitor (Johnson & Johnson, XL model 9300) at 1-minute intervals after ≥ 5 minute rest, controlling for blood pressure medication | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg |
|
| Weight Bias Internalization | The Weight Bias Internalization Scale assesses weight bias internalization. Average of 11 items, rated 1-7 (higher scores indicate higher weight bias internalization) | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) | Sum of 12 items (WSSQ-Total; rated 1-5). The WSSQ consists of two subscales: Self-Devaluation (WSSQ-SD; 6 items) and Fear of Enacted Stigma (WSSQ-FNE; 6 items); higher scores indicate greater weight self-stigma. | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcomes at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Weight Bias | The Fat Phobia Scale assesses weight bias. Participants rated 14 pairs of adjectives used to describe people with obesity using a differential rating scale (1-5) to indicate whether or not they agreed with negative weight stereotypes. Scores are averaged 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater weight bias. | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Depression | The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 assesses symptoms of depression. Sum of 9 items, rated 0-3. Scores range from 0-27 (higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression). | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Anxiety | The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire assesses anxiety. Sum of 7 items, rated 0-3. Scores range from 0-21 (higher scores indicate greater anxiety). | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Perceived Stress | The Perceived Stress Scale assesses self-reported daily stress. Sum of 10 items, rated 0-4. Total scores range from 0-40 (higher scores indicate greater perceived stress). | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Body Esteem | The Body Appreciation Scale assesses body esteem. Average of 10 items (rated 1-5; higher scores indicate greater body appreciation) | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Weight-Related Quality of Life | The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire- Lite assess weight-related quality of life. Sum of 31 items (containing 5 subscales; rated 1-5) used to assess weight-specific aspects of psychological and physical functioning. Scores transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better quality of life. | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Eating Self-Efficacy | The Weight and Lifestyle Efficacy - Short Form assesses confidence in one's ability to overcome challenges that lead to overeating. Sum of 8 items (rated 0-10). Total scores range from 0-80 (higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy). | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Exercise Self-Efficacy | The Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale assesses confidence to overcome barriers to physical activity. Sum of 9 items (rated 0-10). Total scores range from 0-90 (higher scores indicate greater exercise self-efficacy). | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Eating Behaviors | The Eating Inventory Questionnaires assesses eating behaviors and consists of subscales: Dietary Restraint (21 items), Disinhibition (16 items), and Hunger (14 items). Items include both true/false statements and rating scales, with all scores converted to 0 or 1 ratings and summed. Higher scores indicate greater restraint/disinhibition/hunger. | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcomes at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Self-Reported Self-Monitoring Behaviors | Rated frequency of self-monitoring for: Self-Reported Weighing (rated 0-4, less than once per month through several times per day), Track Food/Drink (rated 0-4, from never to everyday), Track Calories (rated 0-4, from never to everyday), and Track Activity (rated 0-4, from never to everyday) | All participants who completed the questionnaires assessing secondary outcome at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Secondary | Weight Bias Internalization | Estimated mean change score on the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (scale scoring 1-7; higher scores indicate greater weight bias internalization) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
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| Secondary | Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) | Estimated mean change score for Total score (WSSQ-Total, summed 12-60) and two subscales of Self-Devaluation (WSSQ-SD) and Fear of Enacted Stigma (WSSQ-FNE) (summed 6-30); higher scores indicate greater weight self-stigma | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
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| Secondary | Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) | Estimated mean change score for Total score (WSSQ-Total, summed 12-60) and two subscales of Self-Devaluation (WSSQ-SD) and Fear of Enacted Stigma (WSSQ-FNE) (summed 6-30); higher scores indicate greater weight self-stigma | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
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| Secondary | Weight Bias | Estimated mean change score on the Fat Phobia Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater weight bias) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
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| Secondary | Weight Bias | Estimated mean change score on the Fat Phobia Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater weight bias) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
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| Secondary | Weight-Related Quality of Life | Estimated mean change score on the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite for Total score and five subscales of Physical Function, Self Esteem, Sexual Life, Work, and Public Distress (transformed scores 0-100; higher scores indicate better quality of life) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
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| Secondary | Weight-Related Quality of Life | Estimated mean change score on the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite for Total score and five subscales of Physical Function, Self Esteem, Sexual Life, Work, and Public Distress (transformed scores 0-100; higher scores indicate better quality of life) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
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| Secondary | Perceived Stress | Estimated mean change score on the Perceived Stress Scale (summed 0-40; higher scores indicate greater perceived stress) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
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| Secondary | Perceived Stress | Estimated mean change score on the Perceived Stress Scale (summed 0-40; higher scores indicate greater perceived stress) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
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| Secondary | Depression | Estimated mean change score on the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (summed 0-27; higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
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| Secondary | Depression | Estimated mean change score on the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (summed 0-27; higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
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| Secondary | Exercise Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (summed 0-90; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
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|
|
| Secondary | Exercise Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (summed 0-90; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Eating Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Weight and Lifestyle Efficacy - Short Form (summed 0-80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Eating Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Weight and Lifestyle Efficacy - Short Form (summed 0-80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Percent Weight Change | Estimated mean change in percent weight change. Weight measured in kilograms (kg). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | percent weight change | Baseline to week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Waist Circumference | Estimated mean change in waist circumference (cm). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | change in cm | Baseline to week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Blood Pressure | Estimated mean change in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure; mmHg), controlling for blood pressure medication. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | change in mmHg | Baseline to week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Coping Behaviors in Response to Weight Stigma | Estimated mean change score on the Coping with Weight Stigma Questionnaire for Full scale and four subscales of Negative Affect, Maladaptive Eating, Healthy Lifestyle, and Exercise Avoidance (scale scoring 0-4 for Full scale and all subscales); higher scores indicate greater endorsement of coping strategies | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Coping Behaviors in Response to Weight Stigma | Estimated mean change score on the Coping with Weight Stigma Questionnaire for Full scale and four subscales of Negative Affect, Maladaptive Eating, Healthy Lifestyle, and Exercise Avoidance (scale scoring 0-4 for Full scale and all subscales); higher scores indicate greater endorsement of coping strategies | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Body Esteem | Estimated mean change score on the Body Appreciation Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater body appreciation) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Body Esteem | Estimated mean change score on the Body Appreciation Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater body appreciation) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Body Dissatisfaction | Estimated mean change score on the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Body Dissatisfaction | Estimated mean change score on the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Disordered Eating | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire for Global score and four subscales of Eating Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern (scale scoring 0-6 for Global score and all subscales; higher scores indicate greater pathology) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Disordered Eating | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire for Global score and four subscales of Eating Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern (scale scoring 0-6 for Global score and all subscales; higher scores indicate greater pathology) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Eating Behaviors | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Inventory Questionnaire for three subscales of Dietary Restraint (summed 0-21), Disinhibition (summed 0-16), and Hunger (summed 0-14); higher values indicate greater restraint/disinhibition/hunger | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Eating Behaviors | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Inventory Questionnaire for three subscales of Dietary Restraint (summed 0-21), Disinhibition (summed 0-16), and Hunger (summed 0-14); higher values indicate greater restraint/disinhibition/hunger | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Anxiety | Estimated mean change score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (summed 0-21; higher scores indicate greater anxiety) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Anxiety | Estimated mean change score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (summed 0-21; higher scores indicate greater anxiety) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Dietary Monitoring | Estimated mean change in number of days recording caloric intake | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | number of days | Baseline to Week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Dietary Monitoring | Estimated mean change in number of days recording caloric intake | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | number of days | Baseline to Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Self-Reported Self-Monitoring Behaviors | Estimated mean change in self-reported frequency of tracking of: weight, food/drink, calories, and physical activity; 0-4 rating for each of the four behaviors (higher scores indicate greater self-reported frequency of self-monitoring behavior) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 12 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Self-Reported Self-Monitoring Behaviors | Estimated mean change in self-reported frequency of tracking of: weight, food/drink, calories, and physical activity; 0-4 rating for each of the four behaviors (higher scores indicate greater self-reported frequency of self-monitoring behavior) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Weight Bias Internalization | Estimated mean change score on the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (scale scoring 1-7; higher scores indicate greater weight bias internalization) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) | Estimated mean change score for Total score (WSSQ-Total, summed 12-60) and two subscales of Self-Devaluation (WSSQ-SD) and Fear of Enacted Stigma (WSSQ-FNE) (summed 6-30); higher scores indicate greater weight self-stigma | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Weight Bias | Estimated mean change score on the Fat Phobia Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater weight bias) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Depression | Estimated mean change score on the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (summed 0-27; higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Perceived Stress | Estimated mean change score on the Perceived Stress Scale (summed 0-40; higher scores indicate greater perceived stress) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Exercise Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (summed 0-90; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Weight-Related Quality of Life | Estimated mean change score on the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite for Total score and five subscales of Physical Function, Self Esteem, Sexual Life, Work, and Public Distress (transformed scores 0-100; higher scores indicate better quality of life) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Eating Self-Efficacy | Estimated mean change score on the Weight and Lifestyle Efficacy - Short Form (summed 0-80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on scale | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Percent Weight Change | Estimated mean change in percent weight change. Weight measured in kilograms (kg) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | percent weight change | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Waist Circumference | Estimated mean change in waist circumference (cm) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | change in cm | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Blood Pressure | Estimated mean change in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure; mmHg), controlling for blood pressure medication. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | change in mmHg | Baseline to week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Body Esteem | Estimated mean change score on the Body Appreciation Scale (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicate greater body appreciation) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Coping Behaviors in Response to Weight Stigma | Estimated mean change score on the Coping with Weight Stigma Questionnaire for Full scale and four subscales of Negative Affect, Maladaptive Eating, Healthy Lifestyle, and Exercise Avoidance (scale scoring 0-4 for Full scale and all subscales); higher scores indicate greater endorsement of coping strategies | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Body Dissatisfaction | Estimated mean change score on the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (scale scoring 1-5; higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Anxiety | Estimated mean change score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (summed 0-21; higher scores indicate greater anxiety) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Disordered Eating | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire for Global score and four subscales of Eating Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern (scale scoring 0-6 for Global score and all subscales; higher scores indicate greater pathology) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Eating Behaviors | Estimated mean change score on the Eating Inventory Questionnaire for three subscales of Dietary Restraint (summed 0-21), Disinhibition (summed 0-16), and Hunger (summed 0-14); higher values indicate greater restraint/disinhibition/hunger | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Self-Reported Self-Monitoring Behaviors | Estimated mean change in self-reported frequency of tracking of: weight, food/drink, calories, and physical activity; 0-4 rating for each of the four behaviors (higher scores indicate greater self-reported frequency of self-monitoring behavior) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Baseline to Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Treatment Acceptability Ratings | To assess treatment acceptability, participants in both groups rated (1-7) the BWL treatment, as well as the stigma intervention (i.e., BIAS component) or recipe exchange, on how helpful they found each component of the program, how much they liked the components, and how much they learned new skills or information from each component. Scores for these three items were averaged (1-7) separately for the BWL treatment, BIAS component, and recipe exchange. Higher scores indicate greater treatment acceptability. | Participants randomized to the BWL + BIAS group did not receive (and thus did not rate) the recipe exchange component of treatment. Participants in the Standard BWL group did not receive (and did not rate) the BIAS treatment component. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Week 26 |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Treatment Acceptability Ratings | To assess treatment acceptability, participants rated (1-7) 5 items to indicate the extent to which they found the program (as a whole) to be helpful and acceptable, and how much they liked, were satisfied with, and would recommend the program to others. Scores are averaged 1-7, with higher scores indicating greater treatment acceptability. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | scores on a scale | Week 52 |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 36 |
| 0 |
| 36 |
| 3 |
| 36 |
| EG001 | Standard BWL | In the BWL group, participants received 60-minute BWL sessions followed by 30 minutes devoted to discussing recipes and food preparation. Participants received weekly group treatment sessions for 12 weeks, followed by every-other-week and monthly sessions from weeks 13-26. | 0 | 36 | 1 | 36 | 7 | 36 |
| Asthma exacerbation | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Back pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Knee pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| D009748 |
| Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
|
| Black or African American |
|
| White |
|
| More than one race |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| WSSQ-FNE |
|
| 0.02 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -2.8 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 1.1 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| WSSQ-FNE | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.19 | Mean Difference (Net) | -1.6 | Standard Error of the Mean | 1.2 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| WSSQ-FNE |
|
| 0.03 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -2.6 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 1.1 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| WSSQ-FNE | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.53 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.8 | Standard Error of the Mean | 1.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Self Esteem |
|
| Sexual Life |
|
| Work |
|
| Public Distress |
|
| Mixed Models Analysis |
| 0.82 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.9 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 4.0 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Self Esteem Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.39 | Mean Difference (Net) | 3.7 | Standard Error of the Mean | 4.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Sexual Life Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.42 | Mean Difference (Net) | -4.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 5.0 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Work Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.64 | Mean Difference (Net) | -2.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 4.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Public Distress Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.59 | Mean Difference (Net) | -2.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 3.6 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Self Esteem |
|
| Sexual Life |
|
| Work |
|
| Public Distress |
|
| Mixed Models Analysis |
| 0.89 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -0.5 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 4.0 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Self Esteem Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.90 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.6 | Standard Error of the Mean | 4.7 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Sexual Life Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.16 | Mean Difference (Net) | -7.1 | Standard Error of the Mean | 5.0 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Work Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.68 | Mean Difference (Net) | 1.8 | Standard Error of the Mean | 4.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Estimated mean change score on the Public Distress Subscale of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.72 | Mean Difference (Net) | -1.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 3.6 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| 0.64 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.8 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 1.6 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Maladaptive Eating |
|
| Healthy Lifestyle |
|
| Exercise Avoidance |
|
| 0.49 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.1 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.2 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Maladaptive Eating | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.96 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.1 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Healthy Lifestyle | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.71 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.2 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Exercise Avoidance | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.41 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Maladaptive Eating |
|
| Healthy Lifestyle |
|
| Exercise Avoidance |
|
| 0.73 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -0.1 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.2 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Maladaptive Eating | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.94 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.1 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Healthy Lifestyle | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.47 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.2 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Exercise Avoidance | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.99 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Eating Concern |
|
| Weight Concern |
|
| Shape Concern |
|
| 0.69 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.1 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.3 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Eating Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.30 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Weight Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.99 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Shape Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.36 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Eating Concern |
|
| Weight Concern |
|
| Shape Concern |
|
| 0.69 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.1 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.3 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Eating Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.70 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.1 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Weight Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.26 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.4 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Shape Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.18 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.4 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Hunger |
|
| 0.28 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.9 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.8 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Hunger | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.02 | Mean Difference (Net) | -1.8 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.8 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Hunger |
|
| 0.34 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -0.8 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.8 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Hunger | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.001 | Mean Difference (Net) | -2.5 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.8 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Track Calories |
|
| Track Activity |
|
| 0.12 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.7 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.4 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Track Calories | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.42 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.4 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Track Activity | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.03 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.8 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.4 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Track Calories |
|
| Track Activity |
|
| 0.90 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.1 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.4 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Track Calories | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.36 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.5 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Track Activity | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.29 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.5 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.4 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| WSSQ-FNE |
|
| 0.13 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -1.8 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 1.2 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| WSSQ-FNE | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.65 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.6 | Standard Error of the Mean | 1.4 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Self Esteem |
|
| Sexual Life |
|
| Work |
|
| Public Distress |
|
| 0.86 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.8 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 4.4 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Self Esteem | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.87 | Mean Difference (Net) | 1.2 | Standard Error of the Mean | 7.0 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Sexual Life | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.73 | Mean Difference (Net) | 1.8 | Standard Error of the Mean | 5.2 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Work | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.95 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 4.4 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Public Distress | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.19 | Mean Difference (Net) | 5.0 | Standard Error of the Mean | 3.8 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| 0.72 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.7 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 1.9 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Maladaptive Eating |
|
| Exercise Avoidance |
|
| Healthy Lifestyle |
|
| 0.02 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -0.5 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.2 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Maladaptive Eating | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.63 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.1 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.2 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Exercise Avoidance | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.74 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.1 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.4 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Healthy Lifestyle | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.49 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.2 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Eating Concern |
|
| Weight Concern |
|
| Shape Concern |
|
| 0.46 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.3 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.4 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Eating Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.33 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.3 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Weight Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.18 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.4 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Shape Concern | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.16 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.5 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.3 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Hunger |
|
| 0.45 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| -0.6 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.8 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Hunger | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.007 | Mean Difference (Net) | -2.2 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.8 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Track Calories |
|
| Track Activity |
|
| 0.48 |
| Mean Difference (Net) |
| 0.1 |
| Standard Error of the Mean |
| 0.3 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |
| Track Calories | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.89 | Mean Difference (Net) | -0.2 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.4 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| Track Activity | Mixed Models Analysis | 0.30 | Mean Difference (Net) | 0.4 | Standard Error of the Mean | 0.5 | 2-Sided | Superiority |
| BIAS component |
|
|
| Recipe exchange |
|
|