Comparison of the Duration of Ropivacaine Combined With Dexmedetomidine or Dexamethasone on Paravertebral Block

Comparison of the Duration of Ropivacaine Combined With Dexmedetomidine or Dexamethasone on Paravertebral Block in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery

This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled, and double-blind trial. Major assessments were made during the operation and 48 h postoperatively.

The prime outcomes were the time in minutes from leave the postoperative care unit to the first patient-controlled intravenous analgesia press.The secondary outcomes were to compare the following: (1)blood concentrations of ropivacaine was measured at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 24 h after paravertebral nerve block; and (2) the patient's intraoperative opioid use, phenylephrine use, fluid intake, urine output, dry mouth score, and 24 h and 48 h visual analogue scale.

Inclusion Criteria:

• (1) age 18 to 65 years,
• (2) scheduled to undergo video-assisted thoracic surgery,
• (3) American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification I-II.

Exclusion Criteria:

• (1) patient refusal;
• (2) known hypersensitivity to the study medication (ropivacaine);
• (3) long-term use of opioids;
• (4) liver or renal insufficiency;
• (5) a history of psychiatric or neurological disease;
• (6) deafness;
• (7) regular use of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, or antiemetics; and
• (8) a preoperative Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score higher than 6.