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The objective of the study is to compare short-term (8 weeks) anticoagulation therapy (DOAC) vs. antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of device thrombosis following transcatheter LAAC.
Transcatheter left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as an alternative to anticoagulation for preventing thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Whereas most complications associated with LAAC have decreased over time, the occurrence of device thrombosis remains a concern, with an incidence of 1 to 17%. Antithrombotic therapy for preventing device thrombosis following LAAC has evolved empirically, with antiplatelet therapy being the most commonly prescribed treatment. However, the rates of device thrombosis post-LAAC remain relatively high and have not decreased over time despite of increasing operator/center experience and the arrival of newer generation devices. This is of particular concern if we consider that LAAC is a preventive treatment. Experimental and mechanistic studies have suggested enhanced thrombin generation (and not platelet activation) within the days-weeks following the procedure as the most important mechanism involved in device thrombosis and appropriate short-term anticoagulation therapy with DOAC should translate into a significant reduction in the rate of device thrombosis post-LAAC.
Therefore, the objective of the study is to compare short-term (60 days) anticoagulation therapy (DOAC) vs. antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of device thrombosis following transcatheter LAAC.
It is estimated that 350 patients will take part in the study.
Update: A blinded interim analysis was performed with the analysis of clinical and TEE (central echo core lab) data from the initial 155 patients included in the study. Based on the results of the interim analysis, and considering the total number of events and the high rate (20%) of patients with either early cessation of the allocated treatment (before the 60-day TEE examination) or missing TEE at 60 days, it was decided to increase the sample size by 160 patients up to a total of 510 patients. This would ensure to include at least 350 patients with a TEE examination performed while receiving the allocated antithrombotic treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anticoagulation therapy | Active Comparator | Direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, or edoxaban; with dosage according to guideline recommendations) for 60 days. |
|
| Antiplatelet therapy | Active Comparator | Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel -75 mg/day- and low dose aspirin -80 to 125 mg/day for 60 days. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, or edoxaban | Drug | Duration of treatment: 60 days |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Device thrombosis (efficacy outcome) | Evaluated by TEE | 60 days after LAAC |
| Combined outcome of all-cause mortality, bleeding, stroke, or Device thrombosis (Safety outcome) | Clinically evaluated and diagnosed by the center investigators and determining a treatment change. | 60 days after LAAC |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Device thrombosis | Evaluated by TEE or computed tomography | 12 months after LAAC |
| Ischemic events | Stroke, TIA | 60 days, 12-month, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year follow-up |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Josep Rodes-Cabau | Québec | Quebec | G1V 4G5 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29146668 | Result | Asmarats L, Rodes-Cabau J. Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Current Devices and Clinical Outcomes. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 Nov;10(11):e005359. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005359. | |
| 26993976 | Result | Main ML, Fan D, Reddy VY, Holmes DR, Gordon NT, Coggins TR, House JA, Liao L, Rabineau D, Latus GG, Huber KC, Sievert H, Wright RF, Doshi SK, Douglas PS. Assessment of Device-Related Thrombus and Associated Clinical Outcomes With the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Embolic Protection in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (from the PROTECT-AF Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2016 Apr 1;117(7):1127-34. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.01.039. Epub 2016 Feb 1. |
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| Clopidogrel -75 mg/day | Drug | Duration of treatment: 60 days |
|
| Low dose aspirin -80 to 125 mg/day- | Drug | Duration of treatment: 60 days |
|
| Bleeding events | 60 days and 12-month, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year follow-up |
| Major or Life-threatening bleeding events | 60 days and 12-month, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year follow-up |
| Mortality | All cause mortality | 60 days and 12-month, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year follow-up |
| 28231907 | Result | Saw J, Tzikas A, Shakir S, Gafoor S, Omran H, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Kefer J, Aminian A, Berti S, Santoro G, Nietlispach F, Moschovitis A, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Stammen F, Tichelbacker T, Freixa X, Ibrahim R, Schillinger W, Meier B, Sievert H, Gloekler S. Incidence and Clinical Impact of Device-Associated Thrombus and Peri-Device Leak Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure With the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 Feb 27;10(4):391-399. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.11.029. |
| 25604089 | Result | Tzikas A, Shakir S, Gafoor S, Omran H, Berti S, Santoro G, Kefer J, Landmesser U, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Sievert H, Tichelbacker T, Kanagaratnam P, Nietlispach F, Aminian A, Kasch F, Freixa X, Danna P, Rezzaghi M, Vermeersch P, Stock F, Stolcova M, Costa M, Ibrahim R, Schillinger W, Meier B, Park JW. Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: multicentre experience with the AMPLATZER Cardiac Plug. EuroIntervention. 2016 Feb;11(10):1170-9. doi: 10.4244/EIJY15M01_06. |
| 28145040 | Result | Lempereur M, Aminian A, Freixa X, Gafoor S, Kefer J, Tzikas A, Legrand V, Saw J. Device-associated thrombus formation after left atrial appendage occlusion: A systematic review of events reported with the Watchman, the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug and the Amulet. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 Nov 1;90(5):E111-E121. doi: 10.1002/ccd.26903. Epub 2017 Feb 1. |
| 29622159 | Result | Fauchier L, Cinaud A, Brigadeau F, Lepillier A, Pierre B, Abbey S, Fatemi M, Franceschi F, Guedeney P, Jacon P, Paziaud O, Venier S, Deharo JC, Gras D, Klug D, Mansourati J, Montalescot G, Piot O, Defaye P. Device-Related Thrombosis After Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion for Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Apr 10;71(14):1528-1536. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.076. |
| 27931603 | Result | O'Hara C, O'Hara GE, Jacques F, Champagne J, Lemyre M, Charbonneau L, O'Connor K, Bernier M, Beaudoin J, Rodes-Cabau J, Paradis JM. Run With the Hare and Hunt With the Hounds: Watchman Device Surgical Resection in the Setting of Recurrent Device Related Thrombi in a Patient With Bleeding Diathesis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016 Dec 12;9(23):e223-e225. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.09.041. No abstract available. |
| 27765196 | Result | Rodriguez-Gabella T, Nombela-Franco L, Regueiro A, Jimenez-Quevedo P, Champagne J, O'Hara G, Bernier M, Macaya C, Rodes-Cabau J. Single Antiplatelet Therapy Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Patients With Contraindication to Anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Oct 25;68(17):1920-1921. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.016. No abstract available. |
| 28065447 | Result | Jalal Z, Dinet ML, Combes N, Pillois X, Renou P, Sibon I, Iriart X, Thambo JB. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure followed by single antiplatelet therapy: Short- and mid-term outcomes. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Apr;110(4):242-249. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.09.006. Epub 2017 Jan 3. |
| 28495432 | Result | Rodes-Cabau J, O'Hara G, Paradis JM, Bernier M, Rodriguez-Gabella T, Regueiro A, O'Connor K, Beaudoin J, Puri R, Cote M, Champagne J. Changes in Coagulation and Platelet Activation Markers Following Transcatheter Left Atrial Appendage Closure. Am J Cardiol. 2017 Jul 1;120(1):87-91. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.03.253. Epub 2017 Apr 12. |
| 20723861 | Result | Schwartz RS, Holmes DR, Van Tassel RA, Hauser R, Henry TD, Mooney M, Matthews R, Doshi S, Jones RM, Virmani R. Left atrial appendage obliteration: mechanisms of healing and intracardiac integration. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Aug;3(8):870-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.04.017. |
| 20665856 | Result | Bass JL. Transcatheter occlusion of the left atrial appendage--experimental testing of a new Amplatzer device. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Aug 1;76(2):181-5. doi: 10.1002/ccd.22536. |
| 25060026 | Result | Kar S, Hou D, Jones R, Werner D, Swanson L, Tischler B, Stein K, Huibregtse B, Ladich E, Kutys R, Virmani R. Impact of Watchman and Amplatzer devices on left atrial appendage adjacent structures and healing response in a canine model. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014 Jul;7(7):801-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.03.003. |
| 24682348 | Result | January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, Conti JB, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz MD, Field ME, Murray KT, Sacco RL, Stevenson WG, Tchou PJ, Tracy CM, Yancy CW; ACC/AHA Task Force Members. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2014 Dec 2;130(23):2071-104. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000040. Epub 2014 Mar 28. No abstract available. |
| 25777666 | Result | Verheugt FW, Granger CB. Oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: current status, special situations, and unmet needs. Lancet. 2015 Jul 18;386(9990):303-10. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60245-8. Epub 2015 Mar 14. |
| 29183961 | Result | Lopez-Lopez JA, Sterne JAC, Thom HHZ, Higgins JPT, Hingorani AD, Okoli GN, Davies PA, Bodalia PN, Bryden PA, Welton NJ, Hollingworth W, Caldwell DM, Savovic J, Dias S, Salisbury C, Eaton D, Stephens-Boal A, Sofat R. Oral anticoagulants for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis. BMJ. 2017 Nov 28;359:j5058. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5058. |
| 41139402 | Derived | Rodes-Cabau J, Nombela-Franco L, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Hibbert B, Freixa X, Masson JB, Ibrahim R, Estevez-Loureiro R, Millan X, Kass M, Paradis JM, Champagne J, Salinas P, Laffond A, Abdel-Razek O, Labinaz M, Cepas-Guillen P, Arzamendi D, Vidal-Cales P, Pavesi M, Cote M, O'Hara G, Salaun E. Short-Term Anticoagulation Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Preventing Device Thrombosis Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure: The ANDES Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation. 2025 Dec 23;152(25):1759-1768. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.125.077469. Epub 2025 Oct 26. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013927 | Thrombosis |
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016769 | Embolism and Thrombosis |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000069552 | Rivaroxaban |
| D000069604 | Dabigatran |
| C522181 | apixaban |
| C552171 | edoxaban |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013876 | Thiophenes |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D009025 | Morpholines |
| D010078 | Oxazines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011725 | Pyridines |
| D001562 | Benzimidazoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
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