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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico | OTHER_GOV |
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The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of ibuprofen, acetaminophen, chewing gum in reducing orthodontic pain. This study include 81 patients to be classified into 4 groups of 19 each: ibuprofen (400 mg), acetaminophen (500 mg), chewing gum and control. The patients in each group will receive 1 method immediately after placement of the initial archwire and every 6 hours for a week if they experiences pain. Pain perception will be recorded by the patients while jaw rest position and fitting back teeth at 2 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days and 21 days after archwire placement, using a visual analog scale.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ibuprofen | Experimental | ibuprofen (400 mg) immediately after insertion of the initial archwire and 6/6 hs for a week if there is any orthodontic pain. |
|
| acetaminophen | Experimental | acetaminophen (500 mg) immediately after insertion of the initial archwire and 6/6 hs for a week if there is any orthodontic pain. |
|
| chewing gum | Experimental | chewing gum (01 tablet) immediately after insertion of the initial archwire and 6/6 hs of chewing gum for a week if there is any orthodontic pain. |
|
| control | No Intervention | control (no reliever for orthodontic pain) |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibuprofen | Drug | prescription of ibuprofen 400 mg |
|
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Orthodontic pain measurement by marking 100 millimeters visual analogue scales. | to compare the efficacy of ibuprofen, acetaminophen and chewing gum in changing orthodontic pain by marking in between two points in a 100 millimeters visual analogue scale that starts from the left (no pain) and end to the right (exacerbated pain) at different time points. | 2 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days and 21 days after archwire placement. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Chewing gum as a non pharmacologic alternative for orthodontic pain control by marking 100 millimeters visual analogue scales. | to verify if chewing gum can be a non-pharmacologic method for orthodontic pain control by marking in between two points in a 100 millimeters visual analogue scale that starts from the left (no pain) and ends to the right (exacerbated pain) at different time points. | 2 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days and 21 days after archwire placement. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| DIEGO J SANTOS, MSc | Rio de Janeiro State University | Principal Investigator |
| JONAS CAPELLI, PhD | Rio de Janeiro State University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rio de Janeiro State University | Rio de Janeiro | 20551-030 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22284284 | Background | Farzanegan F, Zebarjad SM, Alizadeh S, Ahrari F. Pain reduction after initial archwire placement in orthodontic patients: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Feb;141(2):169-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.06.042. | |
| 23705940 | Background | Sandhu SS, Sandhu J. Orthodontic pain: an interaction between age and sex in early and middle adolescence. Angle Orthod. 2013 Nov;83(6):966-72. doi: 10.2319/030113-174.1. Epub 2013 May 24. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007052 | Ibuprofen |
| C526140 | GDF15 protein, human |
| D000082 | Acetaminophen |
| D002638 | Chewing Gum |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010666 | Phenylpropionates |
| D000146 | Acids, Carbocyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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| Acetaminophen | Drug | prescription of acetaminophen 500 mg |
|
|
| Chewing gum | Other | prescription of one tablet of chewing gum |
|
| Pain at rest X fitting back teeth by marking 100 millimeters visual analogue scales. | to verify wich group has less pain and if in rest or in fitting back teeth by marking in between two points in a 100 millimeters visual analogue scale that starts from the left (no pain) and end to the right (exacerbated pain) at different time points. | 2 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days and 21 days after archwire placement. |
| 22515183 | Background | Angelopoulou MV, Vlachou V, Halazonetis DJ. Pharmacological management of pain during orthodontic treatment: a meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2012 May;15(2):71-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2012.01542.x. |
| 12013568 | Background | Bergius M, Berggren U, Kiliaridis S. Experience of pain during an orthodontic procedure. Eur J Oral Sci. 2002 Apr;110(2):92-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.11193.x. |
| 14994886 | Background | Erdinc AM, Dincer B. Perception of pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod. 2004 Feb;26(1):79-85. doi: 10.1093/ejo/26.1.79. |
| 22989715 | Background | Canavarro C, Teles RP, Capelli Junior J. Matrix metalloproteinases -1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -12, and -13 in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement: a longitudinal randomized split-mouth study. Eur J Orthod. 2013 Oct;35(5):652-8. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjs053. Epub 2012 Sep 17. |
| 14696738 | Background | Davies GM, Worthington HV, Ellwood RP, Blinkhorn AS, Taylor GO, Davies RM, Considine J. An assessment of the cost effectiveness of a postal toothpaste programme to prevent caries among five-year-old children in the North West of England. Community Dent Health. 2003 Dec;20(4):207-10. |
| 2750720 | Background | Ngan P, Kess B, Wilson S. Perception of discomfort by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Jul;96(1):47-53. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(89)90228-x. |
| 8613507 | Background | Hwang JY, Tee CH, Huang AT, Taft L. Effectiveness of thera-bite wafers in reducing pain. J Clin Orthod. 1994 May;28(5):291-2. No abstract available. |
| 6595271 | Background | White LW. Pain and cooperation in orthodontic treatment. J Clin Orthod. 1984 Aug;18(8):572-5. No abstract available. |
| 17101023 | Background | Krishnan V, Davidovitch Z. The effect of drugs on orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2006 Nov;9(4):163-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2006.00372.x. |
| 1432346 | Background | Simmons KE, Brandt M. Control of orthodontic pain. J Indiana Dent Assoc. 1992 Jul-Aug;71(4):8-10. |
| 23210546 | Background | Keith DJ, Rinchuse DJ, Kennedy M, Zullo T. Effect of text message follow-up on patient's self-reported level of pain and anxiety. Angle Orthod. 2013 Jul;83(4):605-10. doi: 10.2319/091812-742.1. Epub 2012 Dec 4. |
| 1927986 | Background | Brown DF, Moerenhout RG. The pain experience and psychological adjustment to orthodontic treatment of preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991 Oct;100(4):349-56. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(91)70073-6. |
| 18331926 | Background | Bergius M, Broberg AG, Hakeberg M, Berggren U. Prediction of prolonged pain experiences during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Mar;133(3):339.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.09.013. |
| 8921656 | Background | Scheurer PA, Firestone AR, Burgin WB. Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod. 1996 Aug;18(4):349-57. doi: 10.1093/ejo/18.4.349. |
| 11455373 | Background | Bernhardt MK, Southard KA, Batterson KD, Logan HL, Baker KA, Jakobsen JR. The effect of preemptive and/or postoperative ibuprofen therapy for orthodontic pain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jul;120(1):20-7. doi: 10.1067/mod.2001.115616. |
| 1456222 | Background | Jones M, Chan C. The pain and discomfort experienced during orthodontic treatment: a randomized controlled clinical trial of two initial aligning arch wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992 Oct;102(4):373-81. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(92)70054-e. |
| 22259810 | Background | Cioffi I, Piccolo A, Tagliaferri R, Paduano S, Galeotti A, Martina R. Pain perception following first orthodontic archwire placement--thermoelastic vs superelastic alloys: a randomized controlled trial. Quintessence Int. 2012 Jan;43(1):61-9. |
| 19361739 | Background | Salmassian R, Oesterle LJ, Shellhart WC, Newman SM. Comparison of the efficacy of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in controlling pain after orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Apr;135(4):516-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.05.020. |
| 21195257 | Background | Patel S, McGorray SP, Yezierski R, Fillingim R, Logan H, Wheeler TT. Effects of analgesics on orthodontic pain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Jan;139(1):e53-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.07.017. |
| D000083 |
| Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D053149 | Plant Gums |
| D001704 | Biopolymers |
| D011108 | Polymers |
| D046911 | Macromolecular Substances |
| D011134 | Polysaccharides |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D053147 | Plant Exudates |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
| D002182 | Candy |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |