The aim of this study is to determine in patients with a recent lacunar strokes (<15 days), the natural history of cognitive disturbances and disability.

This bi-centric cohort study aims at determining in patients with recent lacunar strokes (<15 days), the main clinical, radiological, or genetic predictive markers of recurrent stroke, cognitive impairment, dementia, depression gait disturbances and disability.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 years and above
• History of recent (less than 15 days) neurological deficit related to a small subcortical infarct (evidenced by medical history or physical examination)
• Diagnosis of recent small subcortical infarct on MRI (hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted imaging showing an infarction in the territory of one perforating artery) presumably responsible for the corresponding neurological deficit
• Lesion diameter mess than 20 mm
• Ability to comply with scheduled follow-up and annual neurological evaluation
• Affiliation to the national French health insurance (sécurité sociale)
• Signature of informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior diagnosis of dementia according to DSM IV criteria
• Prior severe disability with Rankin scale ≥ 4
• Serious concomitant systemic disorder that can compromise the follow-up study;
• Leukoencephalopathy of non-vascular origin;
• Severe psychiatric disorder;
• Inability to obtain an informed signed consent from the patient or his/her family;
• Medical contraindication or refusal to undergo cerebral magnetic resonance scanning (MRI).

Patients with recent small subcortical infarct (less than 15 days) evaluated as outpatient or inpatient in the Neurology Departments at the Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal or at the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne in Paris