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This study explores the differential efficacy of Spanish or English versions of a mindfulness intervention on Depression levels, using a pre test post test design and an active control condition (health education).
This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with an experimental condition (MAPs Mindfulness intervention) and an active control group (Health Education), using a pretest and immediate posttest research design. Both conditions are comprised of a 6-week group intervention, which will be administered at the UCLA Westwood Medical Campus. The sample (N=80) will be drawn from a population of adults (18-65 years old), residing within a 10mile radius of the UCLA Westwood Medical Campus. To determine initial eligibility, potential participants will self-select based on perceived high levels of stress. Participants will respond self-report questionnaires to assess for psychological symptoms and will be drawn blood samples (180ml total) to assess levels of pro inflammatory cytokines before and after the interventions. Participants will attend a total of 8 visits.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness Spanish | Experimental | The MAPs program was developed at UCLA (Winston & Smalley, 2010 and Lopez-Maya, 2016) and provides experiential training in mindfulness-based practices, including mindfulness meditation. UCLA-certified instructors delivered the interventions. Active program components include sitting and walking meditations, body scan and loving-kindness meditation. Participants were provided with audio CDs or digital downloads to complete their daily meditation assignments. Sessions were held once per week for 2 hours per session over a period of six consecutive weeks. Home practice assignments consist of daily mindfulness exercises starting with 5 minutes daily, progressing to 20 minutes daily by the end of the program. |
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| Mindfulness English | Experimental | The MAPs program was developed at UCLA (Winston & Smalley, 2010) and provides experiential training in mindfulness-based practices, including mindfulness meditation. UCLA-certified instructors delivered the interventions. Active program components include sitting and walking meditations, body scan and loving-kindness meditation. Participants were provided with audio CDs or digital downloads to complete their daily meditation assignments. Sessions were held once per week for 2 hours per session over a period of six consecutive weeks. Home practice assignments consist of daily mindfulness exercises starting with 5 minutes daily, progressing to 20 minutes daily by the end of the program. |
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| Health Education Spanish | Active Comparator | The health education condition is a weekly 2-hour, 6 session course aimed at knowledge acquisition in subjects related to health care in general. Similar interventions have been described elsewhere (Black, et al., 2014Íž Irwin, et al., 2014). A trained health educator provided videos and didactic presentations on topics such as: stress, sleep hygiene, diet & nutrition, sexuality, mental health and substance abuse. The health education condition resembled the MAPs intervention in terms of duration, group format and support, attention and participant expectancy regarding health benefits. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Awareness Practices- English | Behavioral | The 6-week intervention aimed at teaching mindfulness-based strategies to participants (in English) |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory | The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item self-reporting questionnaire for evaluating the severity of depression in normal and psychiatric populations | 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | This instrument is based on a factor analytic study of five independently developed mindfulness questionnaires. The analysis yielded five factors that appear to represent elements of mindfulness as it is currently conceptualized. The five facets are observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31276540 | Derived | Lopez-Maya E, Olmstead R, Irwin MR. Mindfulness meditation and improvement in depressive symptoms among Spanish- and English speaking adults: A randomized, controlled, comparative efficacy trial. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 5;14(7):e0219425. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219425. eCollection 2019. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Pretest and immediate postest design with an active control condition.
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| Health Education English | Active Comparator | The health education condition is a weekly 2-hour, 6 session course aimed at knowledge acquisition in subjects related to health care in general. Similar interventions have been described elsewhere (Black, et al., 2014Íž Irwin, et al., 2014). A trained health educator provided videos and didactic presentations on topics such as: stress, sleep hygiene, diet & nutrition, sexuality, mental health and substance abuse. The health education condition resembled the MAPs intervention in terms of duration, group format and support, attention and participant expectancy regarding health benefits. |
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| Mindful Awareness Practices- Spanish | Behavioral | The 6-week intervention aimed at teaching mindfulness-based strategies to participants (in Spanish) |
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| Health Education - English | Behavioral | The health education condition is a weekly 2-hour, 6 session course aimed at knowledge acquisition in subjects related to health care in general (in English) |
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| Health Education - Spanish | Behavioral | The health education condition is a weekly 2-hour, 6 session course aimed at knowledge acquisition in subjects related to health care in general (in Spanish) |
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| 6 weeks |
| Perceived Stress Scale | The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. Higher scores represent overall higher levels of perceived stress. Scores range from 0 to 40 points. | 6 weeks |
| Self Compassion Scale | The Self-Compassion Scale is a psychometrically sound and theoretically valid measure of self-compassion. Scores range from 26 to 130, with higher scores representing higher levels of self-compassion. All subscales (Self-Kindness, Self-Judgment, Common Humanity, Isolation, Mindfulness and Over-identified) are combined to compute a total score. | 6 weeks |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule | he Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a self-report questionnaire that consists of two 10-item scales to measure both positive and negative affect. Scores range from 10 to 50 points, with higher scores representing higher levels of positive or negative affect. | 6 weeks |
| IL6 | Plasma concentrations of Interleukin-6 | 6 weeks |
| TNFa | Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha | 6 weeks |