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Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the condition in which there is anemia due to a lack of iron. The oral route is preferred to the parenteral route to replace iron stores [Sharma JB; et al., 2004]. Inorganic iron has poor bio-availability in addition to many side effects, including gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation and it may sometimes increase susceptibility to infection [ So¨lvell L; et al., 1970].
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the condition in which there is anemia due to a lack of iron. The oral route is preferred to the parenteral route to replace iron stores. This allows the normal mechanism of absorption to be used, in addition to being an inexpensive and effective treatment [Sharma JB; et al., 2004]. Inorganic iron has poor bio-availability in addition to many side effects, including gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation and it may sometimes increase susceptibility to infection [ So¨lvell L; et al., 1970].
Furthermore, routine iron supplementation has recently been challenged. The British Society for Hematology, Obstetric Hematology Group (BSH OHG) and the British Committee for Standards in Hematology (BCSH) recommend screening by Full blood count (FBC) at booking and at 28 weeks instead of universal iron supplementation [Pavord S. 2012]. Lactoferrin is a high-affinity cationic iron binding glycoprotein [Baker EN, 2005]. Bovine Lactoferrin is currently available pharmaceutical preparation. It is in to safe and effective in treating pregnant women suffering from ID and IDA [Mohamed Rezk, et al. 2015]. This study will compare the efficacy of these three available options.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Sulphate | Active Comparator | ferrous sulphate 150 mg iron capsule once daily for 3 consecutive months. |
|
| Amino acid Chelated | Active Comparator | amino acid chelated iron capsule 15mg for 3 consecutive months. |
|
| Lactoferrin | Active Comparator | lactoferrin 100 mg sachets once daily for 3 consecutive months. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactoferrin | Drug | parallel use of the three drugs to compare the efficacy of each arm in prevention of anemia |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| change in haemoglobin level after 4 weeks of use. | difference in haemoglobin levelbetween before and after supplementation | 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| side effect profile | All women will be asked to keep a diary of five potential gastrointestinal side effects (Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation). | 4 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
• Pregnant women (aged 20-40 yrs.) with single fetus, in the second trimester, with normal haemoglobin level (Hb level ≥10.5 gm /dl) will be enrolled.
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnant women
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mohammad AM Ahmed, MD | South Valley University, Qena Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Qena, Qena, Egypt | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Valley University, Qena Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department | Qina | Qena Governorate | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14684407 | Background | Sharma JB, Jain S, Mallika V, Singh T, Kumar A, Arora R, Murthy NS. A prospective, partially randomized study of pregnancy outcomes and hematologic responses to oral and intramuscular iron treatment in moderately anemic pregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan;79(1):116-22. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.1.116. | |
| 22512001 | Background |
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IPD will be shared in unanonomous manner with the predetermined group of researchers.
throughout the period of research until end of the study
IPD will be shared with the predetermined group of researchers as accepted by the local ethical and research committee.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018798 | Anemia, Iron-Deficiency |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000747 | Anemia, Hypochromic |
| D000740 | Anemia |
| D006402 | Hematologic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007781 | Lactoferrin |
| D007505 | Iron-Dextran Complex |
| D007502 | Iron Chelating Agents |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012697 | Serine Endopeptidases |
| D010450 | Endopeptidases |
| D010447 | Peptide Hydrolases |
| D006867 | Hydrolases |
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3 groups of pregnant women will be assigned for each intervention
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Double blinded (participant and care giver)
| Iron Supplement | Drug | Iron Sulphate 150 mg once daily |
|
|
| Chelates, Iron | Drug | Amino acid chelated iron capsules contain 15 mg |
|
|
| Pavord S, Myers B, Robinson S, Allard S, Strong J, Oppenheimer C; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. UK guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy. Br J Haematol. 2012 Mar;156(5):588-600. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.09012.x. |
| 16261257 | Background | Baker EN, Baker HM. Molecular structure, binding properties and dynamics of lactoferrin. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Nov;62(22):2531-9. doi: 10.1007/s00018-005-5368-9. |
| 29059584 | Background | Abu Hashim H, Foda O, Ghayaty E. Lactoferrin or ferrous salts for iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017 Dec;219:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Oct 4. |
| D000090463 |
| Iron Deficiencies |
| D019189 | Iron Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004798 |
| Enzymes |
| D045762 | Enzymes and Coenzymes |
| D057057 | Serine Proteases |
| D006023 | Glycoproteins |
| D006001 | Glycoconjugates |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D061250 | Transferrins |
| D033862 | Iron-Binding Proteins |
| D002352 | Carrier Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D007782 | Lactoglobulins |
| D000067816 | Whey Proteins |
| D008894 | Milk Proteins |
| D000080224 | Animal Proteins, Dietary |
| D004044 | Dietary Proteins |
| D005916 | Globulins |
| D008667 | Metalloproteins |
| D056831 | Coordination Complexes |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D003911 | Dextrans |
| D005936 | Glucans |
| D011134 | Polysaccharides |
| D002614 | Chelating Agents |
| D064449 | Sequestering Agents |
| D045504 | Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D020313 | Specialty Uses of Chemicals |