The study is designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of the combination chemotherapy with pembrolizumab in recurrent, platinum resistant OC patients. The main objective is to test whether the therapeutic intervention benefits the patients evaluating the increase in overall survival with respect to chemotherapy alone.

This is a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial, designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of the combination chemotherapy with pembrolizumab in recurrent, platinum resistant OC patients. The main objective is to test whether the therapeutic intervention benefits the patients evaluating the increase in overall survival with respect to chemotherapy alone.

Eligible patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive:

ARM A:

Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin 40 mg/mq iv q 28 Weekly Paclitaxel 80 mg/mq d 1,8,15 q 28 Gemcitabine 1000 mg/mq d 1,8 q 21 At physician' discretion or

ARM B:

Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin 40 mg/mq iv q 28 Weekly Paclitaxel 80 mg/mq d 1,8,15 q 28 Gemcitabine 1000 mg/mq d 1,8 q 21 plus Pembrolizumab 200 mg d1 q 21 iv infusion in 30 minutes In both arms patients will receive treatments until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity of patient's refusal. Patients will receive at least 6 to 8 cycles of chemotherapy at physician's discretion. In the experimental arm patients who stop chemotherapy for toxicity reasons and whose disease is at least in stabilization, may continue treatment with Pembrolizumab as single agent.

Patients will be stratified according to the number of previous chemotherapy lines (1 vs >1) and measurable/evaluable disease.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Platinum resistant (platinum free interval 1-6 months from last platinum dose) ovarian, Fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer;
2. Be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial;
3. Be 18 years of age on day of signing informed consent;
4. Have measurable disease or evaluable based on RECIST 1.1 (patients with only CA 125 increase without evidence of disease are not included);
5. Be willing to provide tissue from a newly obtained core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion. Newly-obtained is defined as a specimen obtained up to 6 weeks (42 days) prior to initiation of treatment on Day 1. Subjects for whom newly-obtained samples cannot be provided (e.g. inaccessible or subject safety concern) may submit an archived specimen;
6. Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the ECOG Performance Scale;
7. Demonstrate adequate organ function as defined in Table 1, all screening labs should be performed within 10 days of treatment initiation;
8. Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required;
9. Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication (Reference Section 6.5.2). Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 1 year.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Is currently participating and receiving study therapy or has participated in a study of an investigational agent and received study therapy or used an investigational device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment;

2. Has received >2 previous CHT lines;

3. Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment;

4. Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis);

5. Hypersensitivity to pembrolizumab or any of its excipients;

6. Has had a prior anti-cancer monoclonal antibody (mAb) within 4 weeks prior to study Day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier;

7. Has had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to study Day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent:

   • Note: Subjects with ≤ Grade 2 neuropathy are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study;
   • Note: If subject received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting therapy;

8. Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has undergone potentially curative therapy or in situ cervical cancer and other solid tumors within the last 2 years;

9. Has known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks prior to the first dose of trial treatment and any neurologic symptoms have returned to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using steroids for at least 7 days prior to trial treatment. This exception does not include carcinomatous meningitis which is excluded regardless of clinical stability;

10. Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (eg., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment;

11. Has an history of, or any actual evidence of active, non-infectious pneumonitis that required steroids treatment;

12. Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy;

13. Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator;

14. Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial;

15. Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment;

16. Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent;

17. Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies);

18. Has known active Hepatitis B (e.g., HBsAg reactive) or Hepatitis C (e.g., HCV RNA [qualitative] is detected);

19. Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study therapy. Note: Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally inactivated flu vaccines and are allowed; however intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., Flu-Mist) are live attenuated vaccines, and are not allowed.