Participants receive a positive psychology exercise manual, complete positive psychology exercises every week, and participate in phone sessions over 30 minutes every week for 8 weeks.

Caregivers receive a positive psychology exercise manual, complete positive psychology exercises every week, and participate in phone sessions over 30 minutes every week for 8 weeks.

Receive positive psychology manual

The analysis of the study will mainly be descriptive. The proportion of participants who consent to enroll in the study will be computed based on the number approached through each method. Reasons for non-participation will be summarized. A larger randomized trial will be considered feasible if the enrollment rate for patients approached in person or over the phone is > 50% (excluding the active opt-out rate) and the overall completeness of follow-up data collection is > 70%, excluding patients who have died or are hospitalized/ill at the assessment point.

Since the number of caregivers who will participate is unknown, caregiver analyses will also be descriptive only.

Completeness is defined by the proportion of instrument scores that can be calculated per given time point. The completeness of follow-up data collection will be calculated and reported as a proportion of successfully completed scales versus scales attempted to be collected or completed by patients.

Change in happiness for each exercise will be analyzed by change scores. A change of 2 points on a 0-10 scale, with 10 being happiest, is considered clinically meaningful.

Change in optimism for each exercise will be analyzed by change scores. A change of 2 points on a 0-10 scale, with 10 being most optimistic, is considered clinically meaningful.