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Introduction: In recent years, since the discovery of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator gene in human skeletal muscle, there appears to be growing interest in the measurement of muscle function in CF. One of the most used test in other chronic pulmonary diseases is the Sit-to-Stand test (STS) which consists of simply getting up from a chair. Although the main result of the STS test is the time developed during the task, the velocity and power generated during the task are considered very important variables to detect the functional decline. However, from our knowledge, no study has previously analyzed the differences in time, velocity and muscle power developed during the STS test in patients with CF and their respective healthy controls.
Objectives: To compare the values gained from handgrip strength, walking speed and STS test (time, velocity, and muscle power) in a group of patients with CF and their respective healthy controls, and to analyze if these differences (if any) are associated with lung function in patients with CF.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 60 participants (30 patients diagnosed with CF and 30 healthy subjects) between 18-65 years old. The STS test will be measured through slow-motion video recording with a smartphone device (240 images per second) which will report the time, velocity and power generated during the test. Walking speed and handgrip strength will be also measured. Additionally, the relationship between the variables obtained during the test and the lung function of patients with CF will be analized.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cystic fibrosis | Cystic fibrosis participants without experience on endurance or resistance training will be analyzed through a test battery and lung function test. | ||
| Healthy Subjects | Healthy matched control group without experience on endurance or resistance training will be analyzed through a test battery. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sit-to-stand time | The time to complete the sit-to-stand test will be measured using a smartphone (Sit-to-stand App version 1.1) installed on an iPhone 6 running iOS 11 (Apple Inc., USA). To execute the test, subjects will sit on a rigid chair with their arms crossed over their chest with the hip, knee and ankle joints at approximately 90 degrees. The subjects will be instructed to stand-up as fast as possible. Participants will complete three STS repetitions to complete the test while standing without footwear. | Cross-sectional baseline (non intervention) |
| Sit-to-stand velocity | The vertical velocity generated by the participants during the sit-to-stand test will be measured using a smartphone (Sit-to-stand App version 1.1) installed on an iPhone 6 running iOS 11 (Apple Inc., USA). To execute the test, subjects will sit on a rigid chair with their arms crossed over their chest with the hip, knee and ankle joints at approximately 90 degrees. The subjects will be instructed to stand-up as fast as possible. Participants will complete three STS repetitions to complete the test while standing without footwear. | Cross-sectional baseline (non intervention) |
| Sit-to-stand power | The leg power generated by the participants during the sit-to-stand test will be measured using a smartphone (Sit-to-stand App version 1.1) installed on an iPhone 6 running iOS 11 (Apple Inc., USA). To execute the test, subjects will sit on a rigid chair with their arms crossed over their chest with the hip, knee and ankle joints at approximately 90 degrees. The subjects will be instructed to stand-up as fast as possible. Participants will complete three STS repetitions to complete the test while standing without footwear. | Cross-sectional baseline (non intervention) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Handgrip strength | Handgrip testing will be performed in standing position with the arm at the side and the forearm and wrist placed into neutral. Using a digital hand dynamometer, subjects will squeez the device maximally. The test will be repeated two times on both the right and left hand with 30-s of rest between trials of the same hand. The greater of the two trials from the right and left side will be used and added together to give overall handgrip strength. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with cystic fibrosis will be recruited from the Cystic Fibrosis Association of Murcia, Spain. Additionally, a non-probabilistic sample from healthy subjects will be enrolled.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Juan Diego Ruiz-Cárdenas, PT | Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cystic Fibrosis Association | Murcia | 30120 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29102856 | Background | Ruiz-Cardenas JD, Rodriguez-Juan JJ, Smart RR, Jakobi JM, Jones GR. Validity and reliability of an iPhone App to assess time, velocity and leg power during a sit-to-stand functional performance test. Gait Posture. 2018 Jan;59:261-266. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.10.029. Epub 2017 Oct 31. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003550 | Cystic Fibrosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010182 | Pancreatic Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| Cross-sectional baseline (non intervention) |
| Walking speed | Self-selected walking speed will be determined by having participants walk at a pace they consider 'normal walking speed' over a distance of 8 m on a non-carpeted floor. To account for the time it will take participants to accelerate and decelerate, markers will be provided 2 m before and after the measured distance. Therefore, the total timed distance will be 4 m. The timed walking test will be completed twice to promote familiarity and improve accuracy. | Cross-sectional baseline (non intervention) |
| Lung function | Lung function will be measured with a calibrated spirometer by a experimented nurse. | Cross-sectional baseline (non intervention) |
| D030342 |
| Genetic Diseases, Inborn |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D007232 | Infant, Newborn, Diseases |