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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5R34MH111531-03 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Wisconsin, Madison | OTHER |
| SIMmersion, LLC | INDUSTRY |
| National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) | NIH |
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The unemployment rate is quite high among adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Inadequate transition planning during high school and gaps between vocational needs and availability of evidence-based services help explain the struggles of transition-age youth at obtaining employment. There is a paucity of research on developing and evaluating services to support the transition to the work force after graduating from high school. The lack of available resources to support transition-age youth with an ASD speaks to the need to develop interventions that ameliorate obstacles to employment and help support the transition to the work force. Due to the social deficits characterizing ASD innovative interventions could target preparing job interview skills for students facing the transition to employment as the job interview is a critical gateway to securing a job offer. Thus, the overarching goal of this study is to modify an existing virtual reality job interview skills training program for use in high school students with ASD and to test the feasibility and effectiveness of conducting this intervention in a high school setting via a small controlled trial. Thus, study's first aim is to modify the existing 'Virtual Reality Job Interview Training' program to meet the specific needs of high school seniors with ASD. This will accomplish this by conducting in depth interviews with high school students with ASD and their vocational counselors to solicit feedback to modify the current training's learning goals, content, usability, and simulated interview scripts to meet the specific needs of transition age youth. An expert panel will determine the final modifications to the training program based on the results of the qualitative data analysis and their own views of the program. Second aim of the study is to conduct a pilot trial to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, portability, fidelity and preliminary effectiveness of the modified intervention in a randomized controlled trial. This study will also explore potential mechanisms for effectiveness and collect pilot implementation data.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Services as usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training | Experimental | In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. |
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| Services as Usual | Active Comparator | Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Job Interview Training | Behavioral | Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Job Interview Skills | Interviewing skills will be measured using a role-play measure in which subjects act out one job interview scenario with trained actors. Interviews will be video recorded and scored. There is one mock interview and pre-test and one mock interview at post-test. The method of assessment is the job interview skills rating scale as measured by the Mock Interview Rating Scale, which has 14 items with each item ranging from 1 (Unlikely) to 7 (Very Likely). Possible scores range from 14 to 98, with higher scores indicating better interview skills. | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Job Interview Self-Efficacy | 9 item self-report consisting of 11 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with 1 indicating "Not at all" and 5 indicating "Very True". The range of scores is from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating more self-efficacy/motivation to complete job interviews, which is a better outcome. | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Depressive Symptoms | Participants self-reported level of depressive symptoms at pre-test and post-test using the brief version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (b-MFQ; Angold et al., 1995). The measure include 13 items on a scale of 0 to 2, with a total range of 0 to 26. Scores of 12 or greater suggest clinical depression, so higher scores indicate higher depressive symptoms, which is a negative outcome. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Inclusion and exclusion criteria is subject to PI discretion. Some students may still be enrolled after discussion with the teacher if it is determined that they still might be able to participate despite matching exclusion criteria, or not meeting all of the inclusion criteria. These cases will be documented and reported to IRB.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Matthew Smith, PhD | University of Michigan | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Michigan | Ann Arbor | Michigan | 48109-1106 | United States |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Services as Usual | Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
| FG001 | Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training | In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Services as Usual | Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Job Interview Skills | Interviewing skills will be measured using a role-play measure in which subjects act out one job interview scenario with trained actors. Interviews will be video recorded and scored. There is one mock interview and pre-test and one mock interview at post-test. The method of assessment is the job interview skills rating scale as measured by the Mock Interview Rating Scale, which has 14 items with each item ranging from 1 (Unlikely) to 7 (Very Likely). Possible scores range from 14 to 98, with higher scores indicating better interview skills. | Performance on 2 Mock Job Interviews collected at pre-test and post-test | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) |
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Adverse event data was collected at the beginning of the study start date until the last follow-up employment data was collected, an average of 12 months.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Services as Usual | Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brittany Ross | University of Michigan | (734) 764-2368 | rossbrit@umich.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 26, 2020 | May 25, 2022 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: Student Consent Form | Jul 22, 2019 | May 25, 2022 | ICF_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: Student Assent Form | Jul 22, 2019 | May 25, 2022 | ICF_002.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Services as Usual | Behavioral | Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
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| Change in Job Interview Anxiety | 15 item self-report using a modified version of the brief Personal Report of Public Speaking Apprehension (PRSPA; McCroskey, 1970). After reviewing the brief PRSPA, we selected and reframed 10 items using a three point Likert-type scale (0 = "not at all," 1 = "sometimes," and 2 = "often"). Higher scores indicated higher anxiety, and scores could range from 0 to 26. | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) |
| Competitive Employment | Obtained a part-time or full-time community-based job as completed via a self-report measure yes/no question. This survey could have been completed by either participants themselves, parents, or teachers. | Collected at pre-test and at 6 months after completing Post-Test Visit |
| Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment). |
| BG001 | Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training | In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Social Responsiveness Scale (Second Edition) | Measure was collected by parents/teachers about the autism participants. These are the total T-Scores indicating deficiencies in reciprocal social behavior. The T-Score has a mean of 50 points with a standard deviation of 10 points. Greater than or equal to 76T means that deficiencies in reciprocal social behavior are clinically significant and strongly associated with a clinical diagnosis of autism. Ranges 66T-75T indicate Moderate deficiencies, 60T-65T indicate Mild deficiencies, and 59T or lower indicate Normal. There were 65 questions on a scale from 1 (not true) to 4 (almost always true). | Mean | Standard Deviation | T-Score |
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| Current grade | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Co-occuring IDEA categorizations | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Cognitive ability | Cognitive ability was measured using the National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox. The Fluid Composite score was created by averaging the standard scores of 5 of the subtests, then deriving standard scores based on the new distribution. Crystallized Composite Score was created by using 2 subtests, with the score being created by averaging the standard scores of each of the measures, and then deriving standard scores based on the new distribution. Higher scores indicate higher levels of functioning for both composites. These are T-Score averages, with a normative mean of 50 and SD of 10. | Mean | Standard Deviation | T-Score |
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| Vocational history | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Mood and Feelings Questionnaire | This survey measures depressive symptoms and was 13 items with higher scores indicating higher depressive symptoms. Items were rated on a scale of 0 (Not True), 1 (Sometimes), or 2 (True). The range of scores was 0-26. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
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| Adult and Child Behavior Checklist | Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were measured with the standardized child behavior checklist (CBCL) and adult behavior checklist (ABCL). These forms rated 118 trait behaviors reflecting internalizing behaviors (anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, withdrawn, etc.) and externalizing behaviors (rule-breaking, aggressive behavior, etc.). Behaviors were rated on a three-point scale of 0 (not true) to 1 (very true), where higher total t-scores reflected more behaviors. Internalizing and Externalizing t-scores both have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. | Mean | Standard Deviation | T-Score |
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| OG001 | Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training | In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. |
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| Secondary | Job Interview Self-Efficacy | 9 item self-report consisting of 11 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with 1 indicating "Not at all" and 5 indicating "Very True". The range of scores is from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating more self-efficacy/motivation to complete job interviews, which is a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) |
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| Secondary | Change in Job Interview Anxiety | 15 item self-report using a modified version of the brief Personal Report of Public Speaking Apprehension (PRSPA; McCroskey, 1970). After reviewing the brief PRSPA, we selected and reframed 10 items using a three point Likert-type scale (0 = "not at all," 1 = "sometimes," and 2 = "often"). Higher scores indicated higher anxiety, and scores could range from 0 to 26. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) |
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| Secondary | Competitive Employment | Obtained a part-time or full-time community-based job as completed via a self-report measure yes/no question. This survey could have been completed by either participants themselves, parents, or teachers. | Competitive Employment | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Collected at pre-test and at 6 months after completing Post-Test Visit |
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| Other Pre-specified | Change in Depressive Symptoms | Participants self-reported level of depressive symptoms at pre-test and post-test using the brief version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (b-MFQ; Angold et al., 1995). The measure include 13 items on a scale of 0 to 2, with a total range of 0 to 26. Scores of 12 or greater suggest clinical depression, so higher scores indicate higher depressive symptoms, which is a negative outcome. | N = number of students who completed the survey. We are missing 1 survey from an intervention participant at post-test. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment). |
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| 0 |
| 23 |
| 0 |
| 23 |
| 0 |
| 23 |
| EG001 | Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training | In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. | 0 | 48 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 48 |
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| Superiority |
| Post-test |
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