Pneumonia is a major cause of ICU admission, or may complicate ICU course. Among the causative pathogens, Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia is a rare pathogen, but affects usually patients with chronic pulmonary co-morbidities, or with long duration of mechanical ventilation and multiples treatment with broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy. However, there are only a paucity of data regarding epidemiology, impact and outcome of Pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia in critically ill patients.

Primary objective was to study factors associated with mortality in case of Pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia. Secondary objectives were to describe factors associated with morbidity of Pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia (duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay), and to report the characteristics of critically ill patients presenting Pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia.

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients older than 18 years

Documented Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia:

• Clinical suspicion (≥ two criteria including: fever> 38.5°C, leukocytosis > 10^9/L or leukopenia < 4.10^8/L, purulent tracheobronchial secretions and a new or persistent infiltrate on chest radiography).
• Documented Stenotrophomonas maltophilia positive quantitative culture of a respiratory sample: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (significant threshold, >10^4cfu/ml) or plugged telescopic catheter (significant threshold, >10^3cfu/ml) or quantitative endotracheal aspirate (significant threshold, >10^6cfu/ml).

Exclusion Criteria:

• None

Patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit and presenting pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia