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The aim of this study is to evaluate gingival biotypes and width of keratinized gingiva in the anterior region of adults with abnormal skeletal jaw relations.
This study will include consecutive adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment with skeletal Class II and Class III jaw relations based on clinical and cephalometric values. Each group will be further divided according to their vertical skeletal pattern. Gingival biotype will be determined -using the probe transparency method- into either thick or thin biotype for all anterior teeth in both jaws. Width of keratinized gingiva will be measured from the muco-gingival junction to the free gingival margin in the middle of the crown of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using a digital caliper with a sensitivity of 0.01 mm. Statistical analysis will be applied to see the correlation between gingival biotypes , width of keratinized gingiva , and abnormal skeletal jaw relations.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skeletal Class II Group | From the lateral cephalometric radiograph , Steiner analysis (ANB angle should be higher than mean value, mean value 3 ±2), Witt's appraisal should be higher than mean value (mean value zero), and McNamara analysis (A-B diff NV should be higher than mean value, mean value 4±2).At least two of the three mentioned analyses should verify skeletal class II relation |
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| Skeletal Class III Group | From the lateral cephalometric radiograph , Steiner analysis (ANB angle should be lower than mean value, mean value 3 ±2), Witt's appraisal should be lower than mean value (mean value zero), and McNamara analysis (A-B diff NV should be lower than mean value, mean value 4±2).At least two of the three mentioned analyses should verify skeletal class III relation |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| exposure will be abnormal skeletal jaw relations | Other | Class II skeletal jaw relation or class III skeletal jaw relation based on lateral cephalometric radiograph |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Correlation between gingival biotypes and abnormal sagittal skeletal jaw relations. | Gingival biotype will be determined using the probe transparency method, in which probing is done in the sulcus at the mid facial aspect of maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines by a periodontal probe. Gingival thickness will be classified as thin when the underlying periodontal probe outline can be seen through the gingiva; otherwise, it will be considered thick. Results of the twelve anterior teeth will be recorded for each patient in a tabulated form. Statistical Analysis will be done to detect the correlation between gingival biotypes (Thick or thin ) and abnormal sagittal skeletal jaw relation ( skeletal class II or skeletal class III 9 | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Correlation between width of keratinized gingiva in the anterior region and abnormal sagittal skeletal jaw relation | Width of keratinized gingiva will be measured from the muco-gingival junction to the free gingival margin in the middle of the crown of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using a digital caliper with a sensitivity of 0.01 mm. Statistical analysis will be done to detect the correlation between the width of keratinized gingiva and abnormal sagittal jaw relations (skeletal class II or skeletal class III ) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients attending the orthodontic clinic in the orthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University , who have either skeletal class II or class III maxillo-mandibular jaw relations
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| 6 months |
| Correlation between gingival biotypes and abnormal vertical skeletal jaw relations. | will be determined using the probe transparency method, in which probing is done in the sulcus at the mid facial aspect of maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines by a periodontal probe. Gingival thickness will be classified as thin when the underlying periodontal probe outline can be seen through the gingiva; otherwise, it will be considered thick. Results of the twelve anterior teeth will be recorded for each patient in a tabulated form.Statistical analysis will be done to detect the correlation between the gingival biotype ( thick or thin ) and abnormal vertical skeletal jaw relations ( long face or short face ) | 6 months |
| Correlation between width of keratinized gingiva and abnormal vertical skeletal jaw relations. | Width of keratinized gingiva will be measured from the muco-gingival junction to the free gingival margin in the middle of the crown of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using a digital caliper with a sensitivity of 0.01 mm .Statistical analysis will be done to detect the correlation between the width of keratinized gingiva and abnormal vertical skeletal jaw relations ( long face or short face ) | 6 months |