Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The objectives of this study are to:
It is antecipated that 15 pregnant women with low back pain and 15 non-pregnant women with low back pain will enter the study. Each group will receive two different interventions, one consisting of visual feedback when performing 10 repetitions of low back flexion, extension and right and left side-flexion and another intervention consisting of the same low back movements without visual feedback. Participants will be assessed for pain intensity, pain location, disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, perception of the low back, flexion range of motion and time to perform the sit to stand test both at baseline and after the intervention.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual feedback | Experimental | Participants will be asked to perform movements of the low back while looking at a mirror for visual feedback. |
|
| No visual feedback | Active Comparator | Participants will be asked to perform movements of the low back while the mirrors are covered and no visual feedback is provided. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual feedback | Other | Participants will be asked to perform 10 repetitions of low back flexion, extension and lateral side-flexions while looking at their back in a mirror for visual feedback. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity | Measured using the visual analogue scale, which measures pain intensity (range: 0-10 and higher values are indicative of higher pain intensity) | Baseline |
| Pain intensity | Measured using the visual analogue scale, which measures pain intensity (range: 0-10 and higher values are indicative of higher pain intensity) | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain location | Measured using a body chart | Baseline |
| Pain location | Measured using a body chart | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anabela Silva, PhD | Aveiro University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escola Superior de Saúde | Aveiro | Portugal |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D056228 | Feedback, Sensory |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001676 | Biofeedback, Psychology |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| No visual feedback | Other | Participants will be asked to perform 10 repetitions of low back flexion, extension and lateral side-flexions while looking at a mirror that is covered and no visual feedback is provided. |
|
| Disability | Assessed using the Roland Morris Questionnaire, which assesses low back pain associated disability (range: 0-24 and higher values indicate higher disability) | Baseline |
| Disability | Assessed using the Roland Morris Questionnaire, which assesses low back pain associated disability (range: 0-24 and higher values indicate higher disability) | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Catastrophizing | Assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (range 0-52 and higher values are indicative of higher pain catastrophizing) | Baseline |
| Catastrophizing | Assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (range 0-52 and higher values are indicative of higher pain catastrophizing) | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Low back perception | Assessed by asking participants to draw how they perceive their low back to be | Baseline |
| Low back perception | Assessed by asking participants to draw how they perceive their low back to be | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Flexion range of motion | The distance between the 3rd finger and the floor is measured with a ruler when participants lean forward. | Baseline |
| Flexion range of motion | The distance between the 3rd finger and the floor is measured with a ruler when participants lean forward. | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Time taken to sit and stand 5 times | Measured using the sit-to-stand test, i.e., the time, in seconds, that a participant takes to sit and stand from a common chair 5 consecutive times. | Baseline |
| Time taken to sit and stand 5 times | Measured using the sit-to-stand test, i.e., the time, in seconds, that a participant takes to sit and stand from a common chair 5 consecutive times. | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D030141 | Feedback, Psychological |
| D025461 | Feedback, Physiological |
| D006706 | Homeostasis |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |