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The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of visual feedback of the posterior region of the cervical spine on pain intensity and range of motion.
60 patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain will be randomly assigned into one of two groups: a group receiving visual feedback when performing 10 repetitions of each of neck movements (flexion, extension, side-flexion and rotation) and a group performing the same task without visual feedback. Participants will be assessed for pain intensity, pain location, disability, range of motion, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing and anxiety both at baseline and after visual the intervention (i.e., neck movements with and without visual feedback).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual feedback | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive visual feedback of their neck when performing 10 repetitions of each of neck movements (flexion, extension, side-flexion and rotation). |
|
| No visual feedback | Active Comparator | Participants in this group will perform 10 repetitions of each of neck movements (flexion, extension, side-flexion and rotation) without feedback. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual feedback | Other | Visual feedback of the neck will be given to participants using two mirrors while performing neck movements. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neck pain intensity | Measured using a 10 cm visual analogue scale | Baseline |
| Neck pain intensity | Measured using a 10 cm visual analogue scale | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain location | Measured using a body chart | Baseline |
| Pain location | Measured using a body chart | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anabela Silva, PhD | Aveiro University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ClÃnica de Diagnóstico e Terapêutica - Hellman, Lda | Figueira da Foz Municipality | Portugal |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D056228 | Feedback, Sensory |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001676 | Biofeedback, Psychology |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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| No visual feedback | Other | Participants will be asked to perform active movements of their neck with the mirrors covered. |
|
| Time for pain to return to baseline levels | Measured with a chronometer | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Pain disability | Measured using the Neck Disability Questionnaire (range: 0-50 and higher scores are indicative of more disability) | Baseline |
| Pain disability | Measured using the Neck Disability Questionnaire (range: 0-50 and higher scores are indicative of more disability) | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Neck range of motion | Measured using a goniometer | Baseline |
| Neck range of motion | Measured using a goniometer | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Kinesiophobia | Measured using the Tampa Scale of Kinsesiophobia (Range: 13-52 and higher values are indicative of a higher fear of movement. | Baseline |
| Kinesiophobia | Measured using the Tampa Scale of Kinsesiophobia (Range: 13-52 and higher values are indicative of a higher fear of movement. | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Catastrophyzing | Measured using the Pain Catastrophyzing Scale (range: 0-52 and higher scores and indicative of higher pain catastrophyzing) | Baseline |
| Catastrophyzing | Measured using the Pain Catastrophyzing Scale (range: 0-52 and higher scores and indicative of higher pain catastrophyzing) | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Anxiety | Measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, which consists of 2 sub-scales, one measures trait anxiety and the other measures state anxiety; both scales have an independent score that ranges from 20 to 80 and higher scores are indicative of higher anxiety. | Baseline |
| Anxiety | Measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, which consists of 2 sub-scales, one measures trait anxiety and the other measures state anxiety; both scales have an independent score that ranges from 20 to 80 and higher scores are indicative of higher anxiety. | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| Neck perception | Assessed by asking participants to draw their neck as they perceive it to be | Baseline |
| Neck perception | Assessed by asking participants to draw their neck as they perceive it to be | Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes) |
| D030141 | Feedback, Psychological |
| D025461 | Feedback, Physiological |
| D006706 | Homeostasis |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |