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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Instituto de Salud Carlos III | OTHER_GOV |
| Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad | OTHER_GOV |
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This phase II, open, non-inferiority, randomized and controlled clinical trial is aimed to ascertain the incidence of contrast nephropathy in outpatients undergoing CT scan with contrast.
Patients will be randomized to receive oral prophylaxis with capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion or prophylaxis with sodium chloride 0.9% intravenous solution.
The total dose (mmol) of sodium chloride will be the same regardless administration via. The contrast will be iodixanol.
Patients >65 years, of both sexes, with at least one of the following criteria: diabetes, stable heart failure or chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 ml/min), undergoing CT scan with contrast, and who give written informed consent, will be included in the study. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min, serum potassium <3.5 mEq/L, infusion of iodine contrast in the previous 15 days, administration of nephrotoxic drugs in the previous 72 hours or expected in the following hours after contrast infusion, decompensated chronic conditions (heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension), allergy to iodine contrast, or the presence of hyperchloremia or hypernatremia, will be excluded from the study.
Contrast nephropathy will be defined as the increase of serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL from baseline, or the reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD-4) >25% from baseline, in the first 48 hours after contrast administration.
This phase II, open, non-inferiority, randomized and controlled clinical trial is aimed to ascertain the incidence of contrast nephropathy in outpatients undergoing CT scan with contrast.
Patients will be randomized to receive oral prophylaxis with capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion or prophylaxis with sodium chloride 0.9% intravenous solution.
In those patients randomly allocated to oral prophylaxis (n=133), patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, patients will take 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. In those patients randomly allocated to receive sodium chloride 0.9% intravenous solution (n=133), patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. The total dose (mmol) of sodium chloride will be the same regardless administration via. The contrast will be iodixanol (320 mg of iodine/ml, in 100 ml, at an infusion rate of 2-5 ml/sec).
Patients >65 years, of both sexes, with at least one of the following criteria: diabetes, stable heart failure or chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 ml/min), undergoing CT scan with contrast, and who give written informed consent, will be included in the study. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min, serum potassium <3.5 mEq/L, infusion of iodine contrast in the previous 15 days, administration of nephrotoxic drugs in the previous 72 hours or expected in the following hours after contrast infusion, decompensated chronic conditions (heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension), allergy to iodine contrast, or the presence of hyperchloremia or hypernatremia, will be excluded from the study.
Contrast nephropathy will be defined as the increase of serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL from baseline, or the reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD-4) >25% from baseline, in the first 48 hours after contrast administration.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral sodium chloride | Experimental | Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, patients will take 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. |
|
| Intravenous sodium chloride | Active Comparator | Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral sodium chloride | Drug | Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, with 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury During the First 48 Hours After Contrast Administration | Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury, defined as the increase of serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL from baseline, or the reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD-4) >25%, within 48h after contrast administration | Within 48h after contrast administration |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) at 24h From Baseline | Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to MDRD-4 at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) at 48h From Baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Luis Manzano, MD, PhD | Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal | Madrid | 28034 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37109303 | Result | Suarez Carantona C, Escobar Cervantes C, Fabregate M, Lopez Rodriguez M, Bara Ledesma N, Soto Perez-Olivares J, Ruiz Ortega RA, Lopez Castellanos G, Olavarria Delgado A, Blazquez Sanchez J, Gomez Del Olmo V, Moralejo Martin M, Pumares Alvarez MB, Sanchez Gallego MC, Llacer P, Liano F, Manzano L. Oral Sodium Chloride in the Prevention of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Outpatients: The PNIC-Na Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial. J Clin Med. 2023 Apr 19;12(8):2965. doi: 10.3390/jcm12082965. |
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Data Availability Statement The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to participant confidentiality.
After revision and approval of the principal investigator.
Approval of the principal investigator.
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A total of 271 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 19 (7.0%) did not meet the criteria for per-protocol analysis and were therefore excluded from the main analysis. The reasons for exclusion included voluntary withdrawal (n=5), hospitalisation for bronchospasm (n=1), missing laboratory tests (n=10), and non-compliance with treatment (n=3). Thus, the main analysis (per-protocol) consisted of n=252 patients, of whom 123 received oral hydration and 129 received intravenous hydration.
Participants were recruited at Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, between April 2014 and November 2019.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Oral Sodium Chloride | Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, patients will take 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. Oral sodium chloride: Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, with 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. |
| FG001 | Intravenous Sodium Chloride | Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. Intravenous sodium chloride: Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Oral Sodium Chloride | Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, patients will take 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. Oral sodium chloride: Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, with 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury During the First 48 Hours After Contrast Administration | Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury, defined as the increase of serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL from baseline, or the reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD-4) >25%, within 48h after contrast administration | Per-protocol population | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Within 48h after contrast administration |
|
Within 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline).
Adverse events were registered, including severity and relationship with study medication.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Oral Sodium Chloride | Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, patients will take 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. Oral sodium chloride: Patients will receive capsules of sodium chloride and free water ingestion (for each capsule of sodium chloride, with 250 ml of water, assuring a minimum ingestion of 750 ml of water) in the 48 hours prior contrast injection. Patients will take capsules of sodium chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg during 48 hours previous the injection of contrast (48, 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 hours), at the moment of contrast injection and 12 hours after the injection of contrast. |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
The incidence of CA-AKI was much lower than expected at the time of study design. The definition of CA-AKI considered in our study is slightly different from that proposed in the clinical guidelines for AKI. Serial measurements of serum and urinary osmolality were not available in our trial. The trial was a single-center study, which might limit its external validity.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coordinator of Research Support Unit, Internal Medicine Dept. | Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS | 0034913369082 | martin.fabregate@salud.madrid.org |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Aug 2, 2013 | Aug 4, 2023 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007676 | Kidney Failure, Chronic |
| D058186 | Acute Kidney Injury |
| D006333 | Heart Failure |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051436 | Renal Insufficiency, Chronic |
| D051437 | Renal Insufficiency |
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012965 | Sodium Chloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002712 | Chlorides |
| D006851 | Hydrochloric Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
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|
| Intravenous sodium chloride | Drug | Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. |
|
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to MDRD-4 at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. |
| 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Serum Creatinine at 24h From Baseline | Serum creatinine at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Serum Creatinine at 48h From Baseline | Serum creatinine at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Cystatin C at 24h From Baseline | Cystatin C at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Cystatin C at 48h From Baseline | Cystatin C at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio at 24h From Baseline | Albumin-to-creatinine ratio at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio at 48h From Baseline | Albumin-to-creatinine ratio at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Urea at 24h From Baseline | Urea at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Urea at 48h From Baseline | Urea at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Serum Sodium at 24h From Baseline | Serum sodium at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Serum Sodium at 48h From Baseline | Serum sodium at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Serum Potassium at 24h From Baseline | Serum potassium at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Serum Potassium at 48h From Baseline | Serum potassium at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
| Missing laboratory tests |
|
| Adverse Event |
|
| BG001 | Intravenous Sodium Chloride | Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. Intravenous sodium chloride: Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Hypertension | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Diabetes | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Current smoker | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Cancer | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Chronic kidney disease | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Heart failure | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Peripheral artery disease | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to MDRD-4 | Mean | Standard Deviation | mL/min/1.73m^2 |
|
| Serum creatinine | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL |
|
| Cystatin C | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL |
|
| Albumin-to-creatinine ratio | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/g |
|
| Urea | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL |
|
| Serum sodium | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL |
|
| Serum potassium | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL |
|
| B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | pg/mg |
|
| Hemoglobin | Mean | Standard Deviation | g/dL |
|
| Non-diuretic antihypertensives | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Non-insulin antidiabetic drugs | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Lipid-lowering agents | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Diuretics | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Body mass index (BMI) | Mean | Standard Deviation | Kg/m^2 |
|
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg |
|
| Heart rate | Mean | Standard Deviation | bpm |
|
| Peripheral oxygen saturation (spO2) | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of hemoglobin saturation |
|
| OG001 | Intravenous Sodium Chloride | Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. Intravenous sodium chloride: Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) at 24h From Baseline | Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to MDRD-4 at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mL/min/1.73 m^2 | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) at 48h From Baseline | Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to MDRD-4 at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mL/min/1.73 m^2 | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Serum Creatinine at 24h From Baseline | Serum creatinine at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Serum Creatinine at 48h From Baseline | Serum creatinine at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Cystatin C at 24h From Baseline | Cystatin C at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Cystatin C at 48h From Baseline | Cystatin C at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio at 24h From Baseline | Albumin-to-creatinine ratio at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/g | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio at 48h From Baseline | Albumin-to-creatinine ratio at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/g | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Urea at 24h From Baseline | Urea at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Urea at 48h From Baseline | Urea at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Serum Sodium at 24h From Baseline | Serum sodium at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Serum Sodium at 48h From Baseline | Serum sodium at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Serum Potassium at 24h From Baseline | Serum potassium at 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 24 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Serum Potassium at 48h From Baseline | Serum potassium at 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline), as an secondary efficacy laboratory assessment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL | 48 hours from contrast administration (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 134 |
| 0 |
| 134 |
| 31 |
| 134 |
| EG001 | Intravenous Sodium Chloride | Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. Intravenous sodium chloride: Patients will receive at hospital 3 ml/Kg of sodium chloride 0.9%, one hour previous contrast injection and 2 ml/kg during the 4 hours after contrast injection. | 0 | 137 | 0 | 137 | 6 | 137 |
| Vomiting | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Abdominal discomfort | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Dyspnea | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Malaise/asthenia | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Headache | Nervous system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Leg cramps | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Pruritus | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Allergic reaction to contrast | Immune system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Bronchospasm | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Chest tightness | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Infection | Infections and infestations | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
Not provided
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| D052776 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D017670 |
| Sodium Compounds |