A Major Determinant Focused on the ECG or Echocardiogram for PICM and Its Clinical Outcome (PICM Syndrome)

A Major Determinant Focused on the ECG or Echocardiogram for Pacing-induced Cardiomyopathy (PICM) and Its Clinical Outcome (PICM Syndrome) : Prospective, Multi-center, Observational Cohort Study.

Chronic right ventricular pacing has a deleterious effect on left ventricular (LV) function, namely pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Several parametes make difference of effect on the occurrence of PICM and its subsequent clinical outcomes. In particular, recognition of a major determinant focused on the ECG or echocardiographic parameters including strain or genetic factor for occurrence of PICM may lead to better identification of patients at high risk. Investigators prospectively enroll a participant with documented high risk of PICM and clinically follow-up to idenify clinical impact of PICM (PICM syndrome) over a long period of time.

Investigators investigate a major determinant focused on the ECG or echocardiogram or genetic factor to predict the PICM after implantation of pacemaker. Not only QRS duration and mechanical strain but also genetic factor could be also investigated to predict the occurrence of PICM before diagnosis fo PICM

Inclusion Criteria: mandatory (1 and 2) and optional (3 or 4)

1. Willng to participate in the study and able to sign informed consent
2. Undertaken ECG and echocardiogram including strain before and after device implantation

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Less than 18 years of age
2. Being pregnant or plan to become pregnant
3. Advanced heart failure waiting in heart transplantation
4. Have a life expectancy of less than 1 year