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The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of THC on the retrieval of emotional and neutral memories in healthy young adults. Secondary experiments included the effects of THC on the encoding of object and scene stimuli and a novel working memory task.
Here, the investigators aimed to investigate the effects of THC (15 mg) on the retrieval of negative, neutral, and positive memories. The study used a placebo-controlled, within-subjects, crossover design with 24 participants. In each experimental arm, participants attend a session to encode stimuli, a second session 48 hours later in which their memories are tested for the stimuli from the first session followed by the encoding of object-scene stimuli and a working memory test, and a third session 48 hours later in which memory for the object-scene stimuli is tested. In the second session, two hours prior to memory testing, THC or placebo is administered. On the first and second sessions subjects complete mood questionnaires.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo oral capsule | Placebo Comparator | Participants came in for the first session that involved encoding emotional pictures and lists of semantically related words (Deese-Roediger-McDermott or DRM task; a false memory task). Forty-eight hours later, participants received a placebo capsule (dextrose) and waited 2 hours Participants were monitored for the next 2 hours including physiological and subjective measures every 30 minutes. After 2 hours, participants' memory for the emotional stimuli and DRM stimuli was tested. Participants then encoded object stimuli overlaid onto scenes followed by a working memory test with simple color squares. After the memory tests and 3.5 hours post-capsule, if participants' physiological and subjective measures had returned to baseline, they were allowed to leave. Forty-eight hours later, memory for the object-scene stimuli was tested. Other than the capsule, this arm was identical to the THC arm. |
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| THC | Experimental | Participants came in for the first session that involved encoding emotional pictures and lists of semantically related words (Deese-Roediger-McDermott or DRM task; a false memory task). Forty-eight hours later, participants received a placebo capsule (dextrose) and waited 2 hours Participants were monitored for the next 2 hours including physiological and subjective measures every 30 minutes. After 2 hours, participants' memory for the emotional stimuli and DRM stimuli was tested. Participants then encoded object stimuli overlaid onto scenes followed by a working memory test with simple color squares. After the memory tests and 3.5 hours post-capsule, if participants' physiological and subjective measures had returned to baseline, they were allowed to leave. Forty-eight hours later, memory for the object-scene stimuli was tested. Other than the capsule, this arm was identical to the placebo arm. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| THC | Drug | A capsule that contains 15 mg of THC as well as dextrose filler administered 2 hours prior to memory testing. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional Memory | Hit and false alarm rates for negative, neutral, and positive picture stimuli | Two hours after placebo/THC administration. |
| DRM Memory | Hit and false alarm rates for the DRM task | Two and a half hours after placebo/THC administration. |
| Object Memory | Hit and false alarm rates for object stimuli on the same or different encoding scenes | 48 hours after placebo/THC administration. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Addiction Research Centre Inventory Marijuana Scale | The Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI; Martin, Sloan, Sapira, & Jasinski, 1971) measures drug-specific effects on a 56-item true-false questionnaire. For this study, the investigators report the composite score of 12 questions that make up the marijuana scale (Chait, Fischman, & Schuster, 1985). | Assessed just prior to placebo/THC administration and then 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 115 minutes after placebo/THC administration. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Harriet de Wit, PhD | University of Chicago | Principal Investigator |
| David A Gallo, PhD | University of Chicago | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Chicago | Chicago | Illinois | 60637 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31668830 | Derived | Doss MK, Weafer J, Gallo DA, de Wit H. Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol During Encoding Impairs Perceptual Details yet Spares Context Effects on Episodic Memory. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2020 Jan;5(1):110-118. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.08.007. Epub 2019 Aug 30. | |
| 29884456 | Derived | Doss MK, Weafer J, Gallo DA, de Wit H. Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol at Retrieval Drives False Recollection of Neutral and Emotional Memories. Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 15;84(10):743-750. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.020. Epub 2018 May 9. |
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The investigators have shared all of the data to https://osf.io/e6b5k/
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The data is already available.
Open to anyone.
| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Jun 6, 2022 | |
| Reset | Mar 16, 2023 | |
| Release | Jan 23, 2024 | |
| Reset | Jul 2, 2024 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 6, 2022 | Mar 16, 2023 | |||
| Jan 23, 2024 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013759 | Dronabinol |
| D005947 | Glucose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002186 | Cannabinoids |
| D013729 | Terpenes |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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Half of the participants will receive placebo during the second session in the first experimental arm and THC during the second session in the second experimental arm. The other half of participants will receive THC during the second session in the first experimental arm and placebo during the second session in the second experimental arm.
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A lab member that knew the design of the study but was not running participants sorted placebo and THC capsules into bags labeled "first capsule and "second capsule" for each participant.
| Placebo oral capsule | Drug | A capsule that contains only dextrose filler administered 2 hours prior to memory testing. |
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| Visual Analog Scales | The Visual Analog Scales (VAS; Folstein & Luria, 1973) is composed of thirteen adjectives used to assess individual dimensions of subjective mood - anxious, stimulated, sedated, elated, insightful, sociable, confident, lonely, playful, dizzy, loving, friendly, and restless, rated on a sliding scale from 'not at all' to 'extremely.' | Assessed just prior to placebo/THC administration and then 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 115 minutes after placebo/THC administration. |
| Drug Effects Questionnaire | The Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ; Morean et al., 2013) is composed of five questions concerning current drug effects - how much participants feel a drug effect, like the effect, dislike the effect, feel high, and want more of the drug, rated on a sliding scale from 'not at all/neutral' to 'very much.' | Assessed just prior to placebo/THC administration and then 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 115 minutes after placebo/THC administration. |
| Physiological Measure 1 | Heart rate | Assessed just prior to placebo/THC administration and then 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 115 minutes after placebo/THC administration. |
| Physiological Measure 2 | Blood pressure | Assessed just prior to placebo/THC administration and then 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 115 minutes after placebo/THC administration. |
| Jul 2, 2024 |
| D006601 |
| Hexoses |
| D009005 | Monosaccharides |
| D000073893 | Sugars |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |