The Godin LTPA is a 4-item, self-administered questionnaire assessing leisure-time physical activity. 3 questions ask how many times the individual participated in mild/light (e.g. yoga, easy walking), moderate (e.g. tennis, fast walking), and/or strenuous (e.g. running, basketball) activities in the past 7 days. The 4th question asks how often in a typical 7-day period the individual participates in an activity long enough to break a sweat (often, sometimes, or never/rarely).

More strenuous activities are more heavily weighted. Total leisure activity score is calculated by multiplying the number of strenuous activities by 9, the number of moderate activities by 5, and the number of mild activities by 3, and then adding those scores together.

A higher score means that the individual participates in more and/or more vigorous leisure-time physical activity. 24 units or more = active; 14-23 units = moderately active; < 14 units = sedentary.

Domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, upper extremity function, lower extremity function, cognitive function, emotional and behavioral dyscontrol, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, satisfaction with social roles and activities, stigma) - possible score of 8-40. Positive affect domain has possible score of 9-45. Communication domain has possible score of 5-25. No clinical thresholds established. Higher scores indicate WORSE self-reported health for Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol, Sleep Disturbance, Stigma. Higher scores indicate BETTER self-reported health for Upper Extremity Function, Lower Extremity Function, Cognitive Function, Positive Affect & Well-Being, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, Satisfaction with Social Roles & Activities, Communication.

The MSIS measures individual's views on the impact of MS on day-to-day life during the past two weeks. It is comprised of two subscales: a 20-item physical impact scale and a 9-item psychological impact scale. The MSIS has no combined total score. Scores on the physical impact scale can range from 20 to 80 and on the psychological impact scale from 9 to 36.

Lower scores indicate little impact of MS, and higher scores indicate a higher impact of MS (on either physical or psychological functioning).

The MFIS is a 21-item questionnaire that measures the impact of fatigue on the participant's activities and lifestyle over the past four weeks. Items on the MFIS can be broken into three subscales (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial), as well as into a total MFIS score. The physical subscale score can range from 0 to 36. The cognitive subscale score can range from 0 to 40. The psychosocial subscale score can range from 0 to 8. The total MFIS score is the sum total of all three subscales, and can range from 0 to 84.

Higher scores indicate a greater impact of fatigue on a person's activities.

The EDSS is an ordinal clinical rating scale ranging from 0 (normal neurologic examination) to 10 (death due to MS) in half-point increments. It characterizes disability level and determines disability progression in people with MS. Higher scores reflect greater disability due to MS.

The PDDS is a patient-reported outcome of disability in MS. The scale focuses mainly on how well individuals with MS walk. Scores range from 0 (normal function) to 8 (bedridden). Higher scores reflect greater disability due to MS.

Total of all reporting groups

To qualify for this study, participants must have been aged 18 - 65.

1 value is missing in Gender.

28 values are missing for MS type.

2 values are missing for Living Arrangement.

The Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale is a patient-reported measure of disability due to multiple sclerosis (MS). The scale focuses mainly on how well individuals with MS walk. Scores range from 0 (normal function) to 8 (bedridden). Higher scores reflect greater disability due to MS.

The SAHL-E is an 18-item assessment of an English-speaking adult's ability to read and understand common medical terms. To be considered correct, the item must be pronounced correctly and accurately associated with a related term.

Scores range from 0 (minimum) to 18 (maximum), with higher scores representing a greater ability to read and understand medical terms. A score between 0 and 14 suggests low health literacy.

The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) is a screening tool for cognitive impairment. Scores on the MMSE range from 0 (minimum) to 30 (maximum).

Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. Levels of impairment have been classified as (Tombaugh & McIntyre, 1992) as:

Normal cognitive functioning: 24-30 Mild cognitive impairment: 18-24 Severe cognitive impairment: 0-17

Participants were excluded from the study if their MMSE score was < 19.

Participants will conduct the exercise program for people with MS at home and receive coaching via phone or Skype sessions.

Exercise program for people with MS: The intervention consists of 30 minutes of resistance training and 30 minutes of cardio three times per week for 16 weeks.

The six minute walk test (6MWT) assesses walking endurance and aerobic capacity. The score is the distance walked in 6 minutes. Higher scores (more distance walked in feet) indicate improved walking capacity.

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

The MSWS-12 is a self-reported measure of the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on walking ability and daily activities over the past two weeks. Items are scored from 1-5, with 1 meaning no limitation and 5 meaning extreme limitation.

Scores are calculated by first adding the responses, and getting a total score of 12 - 60. This score is then transformed to a 0 - 100 scale (Nilsagard et al, 2007) by subtracting 12 from the sum, dividing by 48, and then multiplying by 100.

Higher scores indicate a greater impact of MS on walking than lower scores.

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

The Godin LTPA is a 4-item, self-administered questionnaire assessing leisure-time physical activity. 3 questions ask how many times the individual participated in mild/light (e.g. yoga, easy walking), moderate (e.g. tennis, fast walking), and/or strenuous (e.g. running, basketball) activities in the past 7 days. The 4th question asks how often in a typical 7-day period the individual participates in an activity long enough to break a sweat (often, sometimes, or never/rarely).

More strenuous activities are more heavily weighted. Total leisure activity score is calculated by multiplying the number of strenuous activities by 9, the number of moderate activities by 5, and the number of mild activities by 3, and then adding those scores together.

A higher score means that the individual participates in more and/or more vigorous leisure-time physical activity. 24 units or more = active; 14-23 units = moderately active; < 14 units = sedentary.

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

Domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, upper extremity function, lower extremity function, cognitive function, emotional and behavioral dyscontrol, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, satisfaction with social roles and activities, stigma) - possible score of 8-40. Positive affect domain has possible score of 9-45. Communication domain has possible score of 5-25. No clinical thresholds established. Higher scores indicate WORSE self-reported health for Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol, Sleep Disturbance, Stigma. Higher scores indicate BETTER self-reported health for Upper Extremity Function, Lower Extremity Function, Cognitive Function, Positive Affect & Well-Being, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, Satisfaction with Social Roles & Activities, Communication.

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

The MSIS measures individual's views on the impact of MS on day-to-day life during the past two weeks. It is comprised of two subscales: a 20-item physical impact scale and a 9-item psychological impact scale. The MSIS has no combined total score. Scores on the physical impact scale can range from 20 to 80 and on the psychological impact scale from 9 to 36.

Lower scores indicate little impact of MS, and higher scores indicate a higher impact of MS (on either physical or psychological functioning).

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

The MFIS is a 21-item questionnaire that measures the impact of fatigue on the participant's activities and lifestyle over the past four weeks. Items on the MFIS can be broken into three subscales (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial), as well as into a total MFIS score. The physical subscale score can range from 0 to 36. The cognitive subscale score can range from 0 to 40. The psychosocial subscale score can range from 0 to 8. The total MFIS score is the sum total of all three subscales, and can range from 0 to 84.

Higher scores indicate a greater impact of fatigue on a person's activities.

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

The EDSS is an ordinal clinical rating scale ranging from 0 (normal neurologic examination) to 10 (death due to MS) in half-point increments. It characterizes disability level and determines disability progression in people with MS. Higher scores reflect greater disability due to MS.

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

The PDDS is a patient-reported outcome of disability in MS. The scale focuses mainly on how well individuals with MS walk. Scores range from 0 (normal function) to 8 (bedridden). Higher scores reflect greater disability due to MS.

Due to the COVID pandemic, some participants were unable or unwilling to return for in-person assessments following the intervention. Additionally, we noted differential attrition rates and participation in outcome assessments across the two groups.

Participants will conduct the exercise program for people with MS at home and receive coaching via phone or Skype sessions.

Exercise program for people with MS: The intervention consists of 30 minutes of resistance training and 30 minutes of cardio three times per week for 16 weeks.

This SAE was determined to be not related to the study intervention.

This SAE was determined to be not related to the study intervention.

This SAE was determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Participant missed an infusion of their disease-modifying therapy (DMT) which led to a severe increase in MS symptoms and hospitalization. This SAE was determined to be not related to the study intervention.

This SAE was determined to be not related to the study intervention.

This SAE was determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Reported conditions included pain (2) and a fractured tooth (1). All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Injuries included minor skin abrasions, bruising, soreness, pain, sprain, fracture (3), and concussion (1). Of the 59 fall with injury events, 2 were determined to be possibly related, and 3 were determined to be related to the study intervention.

Of the 44 fall without injury events, 3 were determined to be possibly related, and 8 were determined to be related to the study intervention.

Of the 4 fatigue events, 1 was determined to be possibly related, and 1 was determined to be related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

General illness included general, undiagnosed reports of feeling "sick". All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Of the 3 heat intolerance events, 1 was determined to be possibly related, and 1 was determined to be related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Of the 2 migraine events, 1 was determined to be possibly related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Of the 8 MS flare events, 1 was determined to be possibly related to the study intervention.

Events were categorized as MS relapses only if diagnosed by a neurologist as such. All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Events included numbness (1), neuralgia (1), blurred vision (1), optic neuritis (1), increased spasticity (2), and worsening balance (2). Of the 8 neurological events, 5 were determined to be possibly related.

Events included swelling, tendonitis, sprain, and spinal stenosis. Of the 8 events, 3 were determined to be possibly related, and 1 was determined to be related to the study intervention.

Pain was reported at the ankle (1), back (14), chest (3), elbow (1), foot (2), hip (3), knee (10), leg (2), neck (2), pelvis (1), shoulder (5), and thigh (1). Of the 48 events, 18 were possibly related, and 5 were related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

All were determined to be not related to the study intervention.

Of the 6 reports of weakness, 5 were determined to be possibly related to the study intervention.

NeuroQOL Fatigue Domain

NeuroQOL Upper Extremity Function Domain

NeuroQOL Lower Extremity Function Domain

NeuroQOL Cognitive Function Domain

NeuroQOL Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol Domain

NeuroQOL Positive Affect and Well-Being Domain

NeuroQOL Sleep Disturbance Domain

NeuroQOL Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities Domain

NeuroQOL Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities Domain

NeuroQOL Stigma Domain

NeuroQOL Communication Domain