Fracture treated with a Multiloc nail (patients treated between 2012 and 2017)

Fracture treated with a Philos plate (patients treated between 2012 and 2017)

Fracture treated by arthroplasty (patients treated between 2012 and 2017)

Assessment of the different outcomes by means of a phone contact

Fracture classification according to the "Müller AO Classification of fractures - long bones"

Fracture classification according to the "Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures"

The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a 30-item questionnaire that looks at the ability of a patient to perform certain upper extremity activities. The score is computed according to this formula: ([(sum of n responses)/n] -1)(25) where n represents the number of completed items. A higher scores indicate a greater level of disability and severity, whereas, lower scores indicate a lower level of disability.The score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability).

The Constant-Murley score (CMS) is a 100-points scale composed of a number of individual parameters. These parameters define the level of pain and the ability to carry out the normal daily activities of the patient. The Constant-Murley score was introduced to determine the functionality after the treatment of a shoulder injury. The test is divided into four subscales: pain (15 points), activities of daily living (20 points), strength (25 points) and range of motion: forward elevation, external rotation, abduction and internal rotation of the shoulder (40 points). The higher the score, the higher the quality of the function.

The QoL 36 quality of life questionnaire consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability i.e., a score of zero is equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability.