This is a multi-center, single-arm, open-label, phase III trial in patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer. Patients will receive regular standard of clinical care. The only study-specific procedures will the administration of 18F-DCFPyL followed by a PET/CT scan. Differences in theoretical optimal clinical management based on a review of clinical, biochemical and radiographic subject data before and after 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging by a central panel of experts will be captured at study completion.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess the differences in theoretical optimal clinical management afforded by 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in prostate cancer patients as proposed by a central panel of experts.

Primary endpoint:

1. Differences in theoretical optimal clinical management based on a review of clinical, histopathological, biochemical and radiographic subject data both before and after 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging retrospectively by a central panel of experts.

Secondary endpoints:

1. 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT scan positivity fraction in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer, stratified by PSA.
2. Immediate AE up to 90 minutes post-administration of 18F-DCFPyL.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male sex
• Age 18 years or older
• Previously diagnosed with prostate cancer, under referring physician's care
• ECOG performance status 0 - 3, inclusive
• Able to understand and provide written informed consent
• Able to tolerate the physical/logistical requirements of a PET/CT scan including lying supine (or prone) for up to 40 minutes and tolerating intravenous cannulation for injection

Cohort A - High risk staging (HRS): Staging of high risk not previously treated patients as defined by any one of the following:

• Gleason score > 7
• Serum PSA > 15 ng/ml
• T stage of T3 or greater on TNM staging
• Equivocal/inconclusive conventional staging such as CT, MRI or bone scan
• Clinical suspicion of advance stage disease (e.g. bone pain)

Cohort B - Biochemical recurrence: Restaging of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer patients as defined by increasing serum PSA on serial measurements and current PSA above 0.1 ng/ml following any treatment for prostate cancer.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are medically unstable (e.g. acute cardiac or respiratory distress or hypotensive)
• Patients who exceed the safe weight limit of the PET/CT bed (usually approximately 400 lbs.) or who cannot fit through the PET/CT bore (usually approximately 70 cm diameter)
• Patients with unmanageable claustrophobia

Only patients with prostate cancer are included.