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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01ES028250 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc. | UNKNOWN |
| El Rio Community Health Center | OTHER |
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) | NIH |
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This project aims to reduce negative health outcomes in small businesses that primarily employ high-risk Latino workers by characterizing their exposures to hazardous chemicals and assessing if a community health worker (CHW) intervention is effective at decreasing these exposures. Although preventable by definition, occupational disease and injuries are leading causes of death in the United States, with a disproportionate burden faced by Latinos. Small businesses pose a particular risk. They are more likely to employ low-wage Latino workers, and often use hazardous solvents including volatile organic chemicals that can cause asthma, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological disease; yet their workers lack access to culturally and linguistically appropriate occupational health and pollution prevention information due to economic, physical, and social barriers. CHW-led interventions and outreach in Latino communities have documented increased access to health care and health education and reduced workplace exposures among farmworkers. CHWs are an innovative method to bridge the gap between these small business communities and other stakeholders. The proposed project will capitalize on established partnerships between the University of Arizona, the Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc. and the El Rio Community Health Center. A community-engaged research framework will be used to complete the following specific aims: 1) quantify and identify exposures to hazardous chemicals in the two high risk small business sectors common in our target area (i.e., auto repair shops and beauty salons); 2) work collaboratively with business owners, trade groups, workers and CHWs to design an industrial hygiene - enhanced CHW intervention tailored for each small business sector; and 3) conduct a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the CHW intervention at reducing workplace exposures to volatile organic compounds and assess which factors led to successful utilization of exposure control strategies in both male and female-dominated businesses. Businesses will be randomized to either an intervention or delayed intervention group, both of which will receive incentives to participate including worksite health screenings. CHWs will work closely with business owners and employees to select and implement exposure-strategies appropriate for their worksite using a menu of complementary strategies of varying complexity and cost. This innovative project has the potential to directly reduce occupational health disparities through a CHW intervention that moves beyond providing occupational health education. The intervention will overcome current barriers by helping marginalized Latino workers and small business owners who may have limited education, literacy, and computer skills to understand the hazards associated with their work, and will empower them to have greater control over their occupational exposures, with the ultimate goal of preventing occupational disease and reducing health disparities.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group). |
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| Delayed Intervention Group | Other | The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention | Other | The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Volatile Organic Chemical Concentrations From Pre- to Post-Intervention | The primary outcome is the change in average total volatile organic chemical exposures for each business from pre- to post- intervention. | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sonora Environmental Research Institute | Tucson | Arizona | 85701 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15367063 | Result | Bellg AJ, Borrelli B, Resnick B, Hecht J, Minicucci DS, Ory M, Ogedegbe G, Orwig D, Ernst D, Czajkowski S; Treatment Fidelity Workgroup of the NIH Behavior Change Consortium. Enhancing treatment fidelity in health behavior change studies: best practices and recommendations from the NIH Behavior Change Consortium. Health Psychol. 2004 Sep;23(5):443-51. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.443. | |
| 14644692 | Result | Davidson KW, Goldstein M, Kaplan RM, Kaufmann PG, Knatterud GL, Orleans CT, Spring B, Trudeau KJ, Whitlock EP. Evidence-based behavioral medicine: what is it and how do we achieve it? Ann Behav Med. 2003 Dec;26(3):161-71. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2603_01. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Intervention Group - Beauty Salon | The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Sep 8, 2017 | Apr 15, 2025 |
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Both groups will receive a baseline exposure assessment and health screenings from El Rio Community Health Center. Then, the intervention group will receive the industrial hygiene (IH)-enhanced community health worker (CHW) intervention. After the second exposure assessment, the delayed group will receive the intervention. A third exposure assessment will be obtained to determine if exposure levels and controls are maintained in the intervention group, and to assess the intervention in the delayed group. This will help us assess sustainability of the intervention. CHWs will accompany evaluators during the first assessment but leave before data collection begins. We anticipate that the CHW intervention will be completed over a 60-day time period (range: 30-90 days).
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Data collection will be conducted by research staff blinded to the intervention condition. CHWs will only be present at the first baseline-assessment prior to data collection.
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| 19254073 | Result | Kraemer HC, Kuchler T, Spiegel D. Use and misuse of the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) guidelines to assess research findings: comment on Coyne, Stefanek, and Palmer (2007). Psychol Bull. 2009 Mar;135(2):173-8; discussion 179-82. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.135.2.173. |
| 15031246 | Result | Campbell MK, Elbourne DR, Altman DG; CONSORT group. CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ. 2004 Mar 20;328(7441):702-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7441.702. No abstract available. |
| 42044132 | Derived | Gutenkunst SL, Lothrop N, Quijada C, Chaires M, Cortez I, Sandoval F, Balgos J, Gallardo EV, Gallardo PF, Sneed S, Honan JK, Bayless K, Chaidez X, Cuevas CR, Larson JL, Camargo FJ, Ramirez DM, Ingram M, Carvajal S, Billheimer D, Wolf AM, Beamer PI. Community health worker intervention to reduce worker exposure to volatile organic compounds in small business auto and beauty shops in a marginalized community: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2026 Apr 27;21(4):e0346356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0346356. eCollection 2026. |
| FG001 | Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon | The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| FG002 | Intervention Group - Auto Shops | The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| FG003 | Delayed Intervention - Auto Shops | The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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This is a cluster-randomized trial where the clusters were businesses. 1-4 workers participated per business.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Intervention Group - Beauty Salon | The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| BG001 | Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon | The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| BG002 | Intervention Group - Auto Shop | The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| BG003 | Delayed Intervention Group - Auto Shop | The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex/Gender, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Volatile Organic Chemical Concentrations From Pre- to Post-Intervention | The primary outcome is the change in average total volatile organic chemical exposures for each business from pre- to post- intervention. | This is a cluster-randomized trial where the clusters were small businesses. There were 1-4 workers at each shop per assessment. The unit of analysis here is the average total volatile organic chemicals exposures for each business at each analysis. | Posted | Geometric Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | ppb | 6 months | Business | Business |
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Two years
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Intervention Group - Beauty Salon | The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. | 0 | 77 | 0 | 77 | 0 | 77 |
| EG001 | Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon | The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 |
| EG002 | Intervention Group - Auto Shop | The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. | 0 | 69 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 69 |
| EG003 | Delayed Intervention Group - Auto Shop | The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group). Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers. | 0 | 52 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 52 |
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The analysis was performed by business. Workers may have changed during assessment. We were not able to recruit the initial number of businesses due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Paloma Beamer | University of Arizona | 520-626-0006 | pbeamer@arizona.edu |
| Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Jan 16, 2024 | Apr 15, 2025 | SAP_001.pdf |
| Female |
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| Unknown |
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| Not Hispanic or Latino |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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| Business |
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| Mean Difference (Final Values) |
| 1.34 |
| 2-Sided |
| 95 |
| 0.55 |
| 3.24 |
Ratio based on the mean difference from the log scale. |
| Superiority |