Fetal macrosomia defined as birth weight above 90th centile ,macrosomia occurs in 42-62%of pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus ,in 30-56% of pregnancy complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus .

-The delivery of macrosomic infant has potentially severe consequence for both the newborn and mother .Increased birth weight increase the risk in the fetus of shoulder dystocia and premature brachial plexus injury ,and those infant weighing above 4500g are at increased risk for neonatal morbidity ,including the need for assisted ventilation and meconium aspiration .Maternal complication result from operative delivery and include postpartum hemorrhage ,third or fourth degree laceration and postpartum infection .

Estimated fetal body weight is needed especially when head measurement is impossible whenever the fetal head is positioned low in pelvic brim .A convenient method for estimating fetal body weight without head measurement was thus required .

-The human placenta develop with the principal function of providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus ,adequate fetal growth and subsequent normal birth weight depend on normal placenta .

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1.Singleton gestational 2.Gestational age over 16-20 weeks 3.Intact membrane 4.Normal umbilical morphology (two arteries and one vein )

Exclusion Criteria:

1. The presence of fetal congenital anomaly .
2. Multifetal pregnancy.
3. Maternal chronic disease (hypertension, renal disease ,and pulmonary disease ,etc.)
4. Patient with a diagnosis such as oligohydramnios ,preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation .
5. Patient who used cigarette or alcohol during pregnancy.

pregnant females

Singleton gestational Gestational age over 16-20 weeks with Intact membrane with Normal umbilical morphology (two arteries and one vein ) with DM in one group and no medical disorders in another group

the data that willbe obtained from this research will be published