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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| São João de Deus School of Nursing | UNKNOWN |
| Horizon 2020 - Portugal 2020 (ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-000007 - Project: ESACA) | UNKNOWN |
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The aim of present study is to analyze and compare the effect of two exercise programs - psychomotor exercise program vs exercise combined program (psychomotor + whole body vibration) - on risk factors for falls of community-dwelling older adults who are fallers or are "at high risk of falling".
This experimental study is a randomized controlled trial. The program will run for 24 weeks (3 sessions / week of 75 minutes), followed by 12 weeks of follow-up without intervention. Participants of the groups will be assessed 1) at baseline, 2) at 12 weeks, 3) at 24 weeks, and 4) after the follow-up. Participants will be randomly allocated to three groups: experimental group 1 (psychomotor program); experimental group 2 (combined program) and control group.
Aging is associated with a decline in executive functions, negatively influencing the motor, social and emotional capacities of older adults. (1) These losses will contribute to increase the risk of falling, so much that most falls occur during the performance of a dual-task (DT) (2).
The lack of balance, strength and poor body composition are seen as causes of falls, and should therefore be considered in the prevention programs of these events in older adults. (3-5) A psychomotor exercise program uses the body and movement as mediators, relying on the prevention of cognitive, sensory, perceptive, emotional and affective deterioration, exploring the neuroplasticity. (6,7) Therefore, this sensorimotor and neurocognitive program may prevent falls, but it is important to analyze its real impact in reducing either falls or the risk factors for falls in the older adults. No studies focusing on this subject were found.
The intervention through the whole body vibration (WBV) is referred in the literature as promoting the improvement of balance, mobility and agility, and preventing falls in the older adults.(8,9) WBV will have long-term therapeutic effects promoting the increase of muscle strength and increased bone mineral density. (10) Being two intervention methods with potential good results on falls prevention, it is not known whether there will be additional benefits in an intervention that combines both methods.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psychomotor exercise program | Experimental | The experimental group 1 (EG1) intervention comprises a psychomotor program. The program integrates 3 sessions / week of 75 minutes on alternated days. The psychomotor intervention includes exercises promoting simultaneous motor and cognitive stimulation (interval training). |
|
| Combined exercise program | Experimental | The experimental group 2 (EG2) intervention combines the psychomotor program with a WBV program. The program integrates 3 sessions / week of 75 minutes (including the 6 minutes of WBV) on alternated days. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Usual care. After the study, control group (CG) participants will be offered the opportunity to integrate a similar fall prevention program. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychomotor exercise program | Other | Each session includes: beginning ritual (5 min), warm-up (15 min), main section comprising the multimodal exercises (40 min), cool-down (10 min), and finishing ritual (5 min). At the initial stage, the activation of different muscle groups will be performed, providing an elevation of the neurophysiological parameters. The main section (multimodal exercises) will be focused on the specific objectives through sensorimotor and neurocognitive activities. This section includes periods ranging 10-15 min of exercises mainly focused on motor stimulation- physical performance (cardiovascular, strength, balance, flexibility, agility and movement accuracy)- alternating with exercises mainly focused on cognitive stimulation- executive functions (planning ability, information processing speed, attention and dual-task performance). At the cool-down the participants will normalize their physiological parameters. Finally, at the finishing ritual the participants share their sensations experienced. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Executive Function | Outcome Measure - Trial Making Test (Part A and B) to assess information processing speed | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Executive Function | Outcome Measure - Deary-Liewald Reaction Timed task to assess single and dual-task performance | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Executive Function | Outcome Measure - Timed Up and Go (dual-task version) to assess dual-task performance | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Executive Function | Outcome Measure - The d2 Test of Attention to assess attention | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Physical Performance | Outcome Measure - Biodex (Peak Torque) to assess lower-body strength | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Physical Performance | Outcome Measure - Senior Fitness Test (30-s Chair Stand Test) to assess lower-body strength | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Physical Performance | Outcome Measure - Timed Up and Go (single and dual-task version) to assess agility |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion | Exercise intensity | 0-6 months |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | Cognitive state | 0 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidade de Évora | Evora | Portugal |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25773610 | Background | Bherer L. Cognitive plasticity in older adults: effects of cognitive training and physical exercise. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Mar;1337:1-6. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12682. | |
| 25993629 | Background | Lima LC, Ansai JH, Andrade LP, Takahashi AC. The relationship between dual-task and cognitive performance among elderly participants who exercise regularly. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015 Mar-Apr;19(2):159-66. doi: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0082. Epub 2015 Apr 27. |
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|
| Combined exercise program | Other | The EG2 intervention combines the psychomotor exercise program with a WBV program. The program integrates 3 sessions / week of 75 minutes (including the 6 minutes of WBV) on alternated days. The WBV will integrate 3 sessions / week of 6 minutes each, with programed increased exercise time, series, and frequencies throughout the intervention. |
|
| 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Physical Performance | Outcome Measure - Static Posturography Platform to assess balance | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Physical Performance | Outcome Measure - Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, ranging from 0 (worst) to 40 (best) points, to assess balance | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Body Composition | Outcome Measure - Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry to assess body fat mass (%) and body lean mass (%) | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison, in Body Composition | Outcome Measure - Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry to assess bone mineral density | 0,3,6,9 months |
| Fall occurrence in the previous 6 months at baseline and at post-intervention | Comparasion of the number of falls between and within groups | 0,6 months |
| Composite Physical Function scale | Physical independence | 0 months |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire | Physical activity | 0 months |
| 21694556 | Background | Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jul;43(7):1334-59. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb. |
| Background | World Health Organization. Falls. [online]. 2016; Avaliable at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs344/en/ |
| 25335673 | Background | Latorre Roman PA, Garcia-Pinillos F, Huertas Herrador JA, Cozar Barba M, Munoz Jimenez M. Relationship between sex, body composition, gait speed and body satisfaction in elderly people. Nutr Hosp. 2014 Oct 1;30(4):851-7. doi: 10.3305/nh.2014.30.4.7669. |
| Background | Oliveira V, Carvalho S, Cardoso T. (2015). Quando o envelhecimento acontece. Rio de Janeiro: Wak Editora. Atualidades da Prática Psicomotora. 2015; 217-233. |
| Background | Fernandes, J. A Gerontopsicomotricidade como Práxis Terapêutica de Mediação Corporal. Journal of Aging and Innovation. 2014; 3 (3). |
| 26215362 | Background | Smith DT, Judge S, Malone A, Moynes RC, Conviser J, Skinner JS. Effects of bioDensity Training and Power Plate Whole-Body Vibration on Strength, Balance, and Functional Independence in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2016 Jan;24(1):139-48. doi: 10.1123/japa.2015-0057. Epub 2015 Jul 23. |
| 25631348 | Background | Orr R. The effect of whole body vibration exposure on balance and functional mobility in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas. 2015 Apr;80(4):342-58. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.12.020. Epub 2015 Jan 12. |
| 19740225 | Background | Rauch F. Vibration therapy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Oct;51 Suppl 4:166-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03418.x. |
| 41010975 | Derived | Rosado H, Bravo J, Raimundo A, Carvalho J, Pereira C. Optimizing Cognitive and Physical Gains in Older Adults: Benefits of a Psychomotor Intervention Program Based on Functional Level. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Sep 2;61(9):1584. doi: 10.3390/medicina61091584. |
| 35818044 | Derived | Rosado H, Bravo J, Raimundo A, Carvalho J, Almeida G, Pereira C. Can two multimodal psychomotor exercise programs improve attention, affordance perception, and balance in community dwellings at risk of falling? A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2022 Jul 11;21(Suppl 2):2336. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13725-5. |
| 34758759 | Derived | Rosado H, Bravo J, Raimundo A, Carvalho J, Marmeleira J, Pereira C. Effects of two 24-week multimodal exercise programs on reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance in community-dwelling older adults at risk of falling: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2021 Nov 10;21(Suppl 2):408. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10448-x. |