Subject's gait assessed by meters traveled while localizing objects on the CAREN system. The higher scores are associated with better outcomes (further distance walked).

Timed Up and Go testing - functional mobility test that requires the individual to stand from a chair, ambulate three meters to a target, turn around, return to the chair, and sit down. Participants were asked to complete two trials was recorded, with a maximum time of 60 seconds per trial.

The square localization test presents a 2.75" square (250 pixels) at a random location on a black background and the patient is instructed to try to touch the square. The test measures the patient's ability to locate an object and results are calculated as a mean error (how far away in pixels from the square the patient touches the screen). A lower mean error (the distance from the square) indicates better patient performance.

The direction of motion test assesses the patient's ability to determine the direction an object is moving. The patient is presented with a white line (1.4'' wide) that moves across the screen in a random series of directions and angles. Patients are instructed to trace their finger on the monitor in the direction they perceived the line moved. Results are calculated as a mean error (how far off, in degrees, was the patient from the direction of the moving line). The higher the mean error/score, the worse the outcome.

The grating visual acuity test measures the patient's visual acuity using the principles of acuity charts modified for ultra-low vision subjects. The patients are presented with black and white bars in one of four orientations (horizontal, vertical, diagonal to the left or diagonal to the right). The bars are present on the screen for 5 seconds during which the patient may scan the screen and then provide a verbal response as to which orientation they perceived the bars. The widths of the bars are varied to evaluate different levels of visual acuity. A lower score is associated with better outcomes with 2.9 being the worst possible score.

Subject's gait assessed by meters traveled while localizing objects on the CAREN system. The higher scores are associated with better outcomes (further distance walked).

The Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale) is a structured questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence in performing activities without losing balance. It is a 0% to 100% continuous response scale with 0 representing "no confidence" and 100 representing "complete confidence."