Penile engorgement during intraoperative period is of rare occurrence however when do happens, leads to difficulty in performing and even cancellation of elective urogenital surgery. The mechanism behind intraoperative penile engorgement is complex and involves various factors. One common myth is that penile engorgement occurs only during spinal anaesthesia and not in general anaesthesia. In this study we intend to report the incidence and management of intraoperative penile engorgement in pediatric patients undergoing urogenital operations under spinal anesthesia with/without sedation over a period of one year. The pathophysiology and role of common contributing factors leading to intraoperative penile engorgement are also discussed.

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesiologist grade1 & 2
• Elective urogenital surgery of expected duration less than one hour

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with local infection, coagulation abnormalities, expected duration of surgery >1 hour and spinal anomalies.
• parents of patient not giving consent for spinal anaesthesia.

All ASA grade 1 & 2 pediatric patients having age between 2 to 12 years.