to investigate the prevalence of hepatopulmonary syndrome in cirrhosis patients caused by Hepatitis B in western China

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs in approximately 4%-29% of cirrhotic patients and influences mortality. China has 100 million Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and Chronic HBV infection is well-recognized risk factor for cirrhosis.But little is known about the prevalence of HPS in cirrhosis patients caused by HBV in western China. The aim of this study was to investigate the HPS incidence, and the signs, symptoms, arterial blood gas, and BMP9 in the serum of the patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age: 18-80 years old;
2. American association of anesthesiologists(ASA) score: I-III;
3. Ability to comply with research programmes;
4. Voluntary participation in the study;
5. Has the history of HBV infection;
6. No primary cardiopulmonary disease (heart disease, emphysema, pneumonia, asthma, etc.)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severe heart, lung, kidney disease coexisted;
2. American association of anesthesiologists(ASA) score≥IV; forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%, or FEV1 / FVC <0.70;
3. Mental state could not cooperate
4. Absence of written informed consent.

Patients were selected with cirrhosis caused by HBV including Southwest Hospital, the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, the People's hospital of Rongchang district and Qijiang District people's hospital