The Acute Effects of Food Structure on Post Prandial Glucose and Subsequent Metabolic Responses

The Acute Effects of Food Structure on Post Prandial Glucose and Subsequent Metabolic Responses

Aims: To investigate the effects of different food structures on glucose concentrations and subsequent metabolic responses including insulin,GIP, GLP-1 DESIGN: A randomised, controlled, clinical trial.

Rationale:

There is very little evidence at the present time in the role of food structure in glucose homeostasis. There is circumstantial evidence that foods consumed intact have great effects on suppressing appetite.

To test the effect of three structurally different meals with the same nutritional content and volume on appetite regulation. Each participant will receive the following meals:

Solid meal group. Milled (intact-cell) meal group. Milled (destroyed-cell) meal group.

All of which will contain the same macro and micro nutrients from the same food sources

Inclusion Criteria:

• Gender: male and female
• Age ≥ 18 years ≤ 65 years
• Normal weight as classified by BMI 20-29.9 kg/m2
• Healthy, not diagnosed with any chronic diseases assessed as appropriate for inclusion, based on the pre-study screening.
• Willingness and ability to understand, participate and to comply with the study requirements
• Willingness and ability to give written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Has thyroid defects
• Under hormone or steroids therapy
• Is pregnant or lactating (female)
• Had given birth within the past year (female)
• Is taking drugs that could affect appetite or plasma glucose levels.
• Is taking natural remedies that modulate appetite or plasma glucose levels.
• Has excessive alcohol intake
• Had blood donation within 12wks prior to start date
• Psychiatric illness
• Smokers
• History of any disease with unknown outcome
• Has diabetes
• Has nut allergy