Study was completed at other sites

The study will investigate the role of 1,3-butadiene metabolic activation and deactivation in lung cancer risk among various ethnic/racial groups. This project will require urine samples from smokers and nonsmokers from the three ethnic/racial groups recruited by the Clinical and Biomarker Core for the analysis of 1,3-butadiene DNA adducts. Data on nicotine intake (urinary TNE) in these subjects as well as in 400 lung cancer cases and 400 controls from Project 1 will be also required for this project.

Inclusion Criteria:

• One of the three targeted ethnic groups:

  • Japanese American - two parents of Japanese descent
  • Non-Hispanic Whites - two parents of non-Hispanic white descent
  • Native Hawaiians will include individuals with at least one parent of Hawaiian descent;

• Smoke 5 cigarettes per day over the past three months;

• >21 years of age;

• Consumes 14 or fewer drinks of alcohol per week;

• Generally stable and good health (determined by review of medical history);

• Able to provide written voluntary consent before performance of any study related procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current use of other nicotine containing products for > 4 times per month (and no use of any nicotine-containing products except cigarettes for 2 weeks prior to their study visits);
• Acute or uncontrolled medical or psychiatric conditions;
• Currently taking any medications that affect relevant metabolic enzymes or anti- inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen (this will be reviewed by study investigators on a case-by-case basis);
• Active infection (e.g., influenza, cold, respiratory infection, sinus infection) at the time of the visit;
• Pregnant or nursing or planning on becoming pregnant during the study;
• Unable to read and understand English.

Approximately 300 smokers will be recruited from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study or the general population in Hawai'i