Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmias in clinical practice. Research investigating hospitalized patients have indicated there are deleterious effects of AF on patients besides the disease burden itself, including longer stay days for hospitalization, higher rates of frailty and increasing mortality rate after discharged in six months. In the community-dwelling research also found that elderly with AF have lower cognitive function, physical functional tests score and slower walking speed compared with the health ones. However, there is limited articles investigating the impact of AF on community-dwelling elderly, and the relationship between AF and frailty is also lack of discussion. According to the aged society and increasing prevalence of AF, the relationship between AF and frailty in community-dwelling elderly is warranting investigated.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Older than 65 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

diagnosed with the following disease

1. Cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular diseases, aortic plaque
2. Cerebrovascular disease: stroke, transient ischemic attack, emboli
3. Heart failure
4. Participants who cannot finish the trial

National Taiwan University Hospital Communities in Taipei city