Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the United States, and aphasia is common following a stroke to the left hemisphere of the brain. Aphasia therapy can improve aphasia recover; however, very little is known about how different patients respond to different types of treatments.

The purpose of this study is to understand how the following factors influence an individual's response to aphasia treatment: 1) biographical factors (e.g., age, education, gender), 2) post-stroke cognitive/linguistic abilities and learning potential, and 3) the location and extent of post-stroke brain damage. We are also interested in understanding the kinds of treatment materials that should be emphasized in speech/language treatment.

Overall, the goal of the current research is to inform the clinical management of post-stroke aphasia by identifying factors that can predict how an individual will respond to different treatment methods.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Experienced a left hemisphere ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke At least 12 months post-stroke
• Primarily English speaker for the past 20 years
• Ability to provide informed written or verbal consent MRI-compatible (e.g., no metal implants, not claustrophobic)

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of a right hemisphere stroke (Bilateral stroke)
• Clinically reported history of dementia, alcohol abuse, psychiatric disorder, traumatic brain injury, or extensive visual acuity or visual-spatial problems
• Severely limited speech production and/or auditory comprehension that interferes with adequate participation in the therapy provided