Validation of Hausa Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, SF-12 Health Survey, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire,Global Rating of Change Scale and Back Beliefs Questionnaire in Low Back Pain Patients

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Properties of the Hausa Versions of the Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, SF-12 Health Survey, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Global Rating of Change Scale and Back Beliefs Questionnaire in Patients With Low Back Pain

Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), SF-12 Health Survey, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Global Rating of Change Scale and Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) are important and widely used validated patient self-reported measures commonly used in clinical trials and health research involving patients with low back pain (LBP). However, to date, validated Hausa versions of these tools are unavailable for use despite not only Hausa language is commonly spoken in Nigeria but in other parts of the world.

The purpose of this study is to perform, using evidence-based guidelines, translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the ODI, NPRS, RMDQ, SF-12 health survey, FABQ, PCS, GROC and BBQ into Hausa language among patients with LBP in Northern Nigeria.

This study will test the psychometric properties (i.e validity; reliability, and ceiling effect) of the ODI-H, NPRS, RMDQ-H, SF-12-H, FABQ-H, PCS-H, GROC and BBQ-H in Hausa-speaking patients with LBP. Rural and urban participants with LBP will be recruited purposively. Copies of the translated Hausa versions of the NPRS, ODI, RMDQ, SF-12, FABQ, PCS, BBQ as well as VAS for pain and disability will be self or interviewer-administered. Lumbopelvic mobility using finger-floor distance test (FFD) will be also measured. The Hausa versions of the ODI, NPRS, RMDQ, SF-12, FABQ, PCS, GROC and BBQ will be administered again a week after.

Data will be analysed using descriptive, correlation, and factorial analysis on IBM SPSS (version 23.0) at alpha level of 0.05.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female between 18 and 70 years old.
• Nonspecific low back pain lasting for more than 12 weeks.
• Resident in the selected rural and urban communities in Kano State Nigeria.
• Ability to read/understand English or Hausa language.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous history of back surgery.
• Spine pathology (e.g. tumor, infection, fracture)
• Severe cognitive impairment
• Impaired capacity to be interviewed
• Current pregnancy