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The objectives of the study are to assess the validity of Nestlé reformulation criteria in two national dietary surveys: the US NHANES 2011, and the French INCA2 2006-07.
Background: The Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) has been developed to guide food and beverage reformulation. It is not known whether products passing the NNPS standards have a higher overall nutritional density, and whether the higher consumption of NNPS Pass products is associated with a higher dietary quality.
Objective: The objectives were (i) to compare the classifications derived from the NNPS and the validated UK Ofcom nutrient profiling system; and (ii) to assess the NNPS construct validity against healthy and unhealthy diets in French (Individual and National Survey on food Consumption 2006-2007) and the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2012) nationally representative dietary surveys.
Design: NNPS outcomes (PASS, FAIL, Out-of-scope) of foods were compared to UK Ofcom outcomes. Contributions of NNPS outcomes to energy intakes were compared between diets nutritional quality classes defined by two methods: based on a food-based quality indicator (PNNS-GS in France, HEI-2010 in the US), or on a combination of three nutrient-based indicators (MAR, MER, energy density).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| INCA2 2006-07 | French National Dietary Intake Survey, conducted in 2006-2007 by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety. Adults aged 18y and over, n=1918 included in the analyses. |
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| NHANES 2011-12 | Wave 2011-12 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the US national dietary intake Survey, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Adults aged 18y and over, n=5073 included in the analyses. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet and socio-demographic questionnaires | Other | 24-hr recall or food diary questionnaires; socio-demographic questionnaires |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy Eating Index 2010 | Measure of dietary quality for the NHANES Survey, based on reported dietary intakes | 2011-12 |
| PNNS-GS diet score | Measure of dietary quality for the French INCA2 Survey, based on reported dietary intakes | 2006-07 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Adequacy Ratio | Measure of individuals nutrient adequacy based on reported food intakes | 2006-07 and 2011-12 |
| Mean Excess Ratio | Measure of excessive nutrient consumption, based on reported food intakes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Representative samples of the US and French adult populations
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kathryn Porter | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Study Director |
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| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Details of French dietary surveys. ANSES website | View source |
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The NHANES 2011-12 and INCA2 data are available to other researchers via the respective websites.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044342 | Malnutrition |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004032 | Diet |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
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| 2006-07 and 2011-12 |
| Energy density | Solid energy density of diets, based on reported food intakes | 2006-07 and 2011-12 |