Tau PET Imaging in the Northern Manhattan Study of Metabolism and Mind.

Tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging in the Northern Manhattan Study of Metabolism and Mind (NOMEM) With 18F-MK6240.

This is a single center brain Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study of 18F-MK-6240. Eligible participants are persons from Northern Manhattan who self-identify as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, or Non-Hispanic White, who are 55 to 69 years of age, of both sexes, without dementia, who have already agreed to undergo, of have undergone, brain amyloid PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Those eligible will have one brain PET scan with 18F-MK-6240, repeated after 18 months to 30 months. Vital signs will be checked prior to injection of 18F-MK-6240 and again at the completion of the PET scan. The primary objective is to relate diabetes status and glycemia to in-vivo brain tau accumulation, across and within ethnic and racial groups.

1. Subject recruitment and screening procedures. Subjects will be recruited from community dwelling persons from Northern Manhattan, men and women, aged 55 to 69 years, who have already undergone or agreed to undergo, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) as part of Columbia IRB protocol AAAQ2950 (PI: Luchsinger). Recruitment of participants for these studies and all study procedures, including brain MRI, Florbetaben PET, and tau PET, are funded by existing grant from the National Institutes of Health awarded to PI Luchsinger (R01AG050440, RF1AG051556-01S2, R01AG055299)
2. Imaging procedures related to 18F-MK-6240 PET. One brain MRI will be performed on each subject using a 3 T Philips scanner. Sequences performed will include 3D T1 (MPRAGE, 180 slice 1 mm resolution, 256 x 256 voxel count) for volumetric analysis and clinical sequences to exclude subjects with significant intracranial pathology unrelated to AD, such as malignant brain tumor of subdural hematoma. PET scans will take place on a Biograph mCT PET scanner (Siemens Healthcare) at the CUMC Kreitchman PET Center. Subjects will have one PET scan with 18F-MK-6240 (injected activity up to 5 mCi = 185 MBq). PET imaging will be performed without arterial sampling. Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature) will be checked prior to injection of 18F-MK-6240, then at the completion of the PET scan. 18F-MK-6240 will be purchased from Cerveau Technologies, Inc. via a licensed production facility. Subjects will not be informed of 18F-MK-6240 PET scan results, as this scan is used only in research and have not yet been validated for clinical use. Subjects will be informed if a clinically important abnormality is detected on MRI or PET imaging (e.g., brain tumor).
3. Image processing FreeSurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/), the MRI software package comprising a suite of automated tools for segmentation, reconstruction, and derivation of regional volumes and surface-based rendering, will be used for derivation of regions-of-interest (ROIs). Eleven ROIs will be extracted from the structural T1 image: entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, inferior temporal cortex, combined superior and middle temporal cortex, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, occipital cortex, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and thalamus. 18F-MK-6240 PET images will be analyzed as follows: Freesurfer based ROIs will be applied to coregistered PET images. Correction for partial volume effects using a region-based voxel-wise method92 will be applied to compare to partial volume uncorrected data. Regional time-activity curves will be extracted from the PET scans, including cerebellum which will be used as a reference region. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) values will be calculated by dividing SUV values for each target region by that of the cerebellum. Alternative analytic methods such as Logan DVR and Simplified Reference Tissue Method may also be applied to compare to SUVR data.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 55 to 69 years
2. Without dementia
3. Fluent in English and/or Spanish.
4. Living in Northern Manhattan.
5. Self-identified as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, or non-Hispanic White.
6. Already had or agreed to have a brain MRI and Florbetaben PET.
7. Able to participate in all scheduled evaluations and to complete all required tests and procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Dementia diagnosis
2. Certain significant medical conditions, which make study procedures of the current study unsafe. Such serious medical conditions include uncontrolled epilepsy and multiple serious injuries.
3. Persons with serious chronic conditions (e.g. Liver Cirrhosis, renal failure), which, in the opinion of the investigator, could increase the risk of un-anticipated adverse events.
4. Contraindication to MRI scanning
5. Conditions precluding entry into the scanners (e.g. morbid obesity, claustrophobia, etc.).
6. Inability to have a catheter in subject's vein for the injection of radioligand.
7. Inability to have blood drawn from subject's veins.
8. Women in the age group that we are recruiting are highly unlikely to be pre-menopausal, and thus, highly unlikely to be menstruating. However, we will ask all women if they are post-menopausal, and in the rare case that they are not, we will conduct a urine pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy.

Breastfeeding women will be excluded, although we expect this situation to be rare