This case-control study aims to compare the pelvic microbiomes of benign ovarian diseases and ovarian malignancies by 16s RNA techniques and culture. Discharges/flushing fluid from vagina, faces and fimbria end of fallopian tube are collected from age and menopausal status matched patient before and during procedures of laparoscopies. The discharges/flushing fluid would be sent for 16s RNA analysis and microculture respectively, and the results would get self-contrasted comparison and case-control comparison.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Laparoscopy procedures
• Specific pathological diagnosis

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous history of pelvic surgeries
• Evidences of pelvic inflammation diseases

Group of benign ovarian diseases: patients with definite benigh ovarian diseases or health conditions (eg infertlity)

Group of malignant ovarian diseases: patients with definite diagnosis of high grade serous carcinoma

We would share individual participant data to all other researchers

For ever