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Previous publications suggest gender difference in outcome parameters after pacemaker implantation. Aim of this study is to investigate gender differences in patients with pacemaker. Implanted devices, indication for implantation and pacemaker follow up data of patients will be included. Survival data including cause of death will be documented. Prevalent comorbidities and relevant laboratory data will be recorded.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with implanted pacemaker | Patients with implanted cardiac pacemaker registered in pacemaker database of the Department of Cardiology at the Medical University Vienna were included. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention, retrospective analysis only. | Other | No intervention, retrospective analysis only. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Survival after pacemaker implantation | Null hypothesis: There is no survival difference between women and men after pacemaker Implantation. | 10 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Implantation rates of single- or dual-chamber Pacemaker in women/men. | Null hypothesis: Women and men have equal implantation rates of single- and dual-chamber pacemakers. | Data obtained: April 30th, 2015 |
| Survival of women/men after single- or dual-chamber pacemaker implantation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| First implantation age in single- or dual-chamber pacemaker | Null hypothesis: There is no difference in first implantation age between sexes and single- or dual-chamber pacemakers. | Data obtained: April 30th, 2015 |
| Time to device- or lead-replacement |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Women and men with implanted cardiac Pacemaker and at least one follow up in our Pacemaker Office of the Department of Cardiology at the Medical University Vienna. Patients were enrolled regardless of time and place of pacemaker implantations.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mariann Gyöngyösi, MD, PhD | Medical University of Vienna | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33195457 | Derived | Riesenhuber M, Spannbauer A, Rauscha F, Schmidinger H, Boszotta A, Pezawas T, Schukro C, Gwechenberger M, Stix G, Anvari A, Wrba T, Khazen C, Andreas M, Laufer G, Hengstenberg C, Gyongyosi M. Sex Differences and Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Pacemakers. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020 Sep 22;7:569060. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.569060. eCollection 2020. |
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Sharing of IPD is planned.
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Null hypothesis: Survival after single- or dual-chamber pacemaker implantation is equal. |
| 10 years |
Null hypothesis: There is no difference between women and men in time to device- or lead-replacement.
| 10 years |
| Prevalence of Comorbidities | Null hypothesis: There is no difference in survival and first pacemaker implantation when selected comorbidity was found. | Survival analysis: 10 years; data obtained: March 2nd, 2016 |
| Survival and device/lead-replacement in patients with diabetes. | Null hypothesis: There is no difference in survival or device/lead-replacement rates in women/men with diabetes. | 10 years |
| Pacemaker parameters | Null hypothesis: There is no difference between women and men in pacing threshold and lead impedance. | Data obtained: April 30th, 2015 |
| Laboratory results | Null hypothesis: There is no difference between women and men in troponin T, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic Peptide, HbA1c and low-density lipoprotein. | Data obtained: March 2nd, 2016 |