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During general anesthesia, intravenous (IV) medications can disrupt the patient's comfort by causing a pain sensation or a withdrawal response in the heart. Propofol and rocuronium are among the most common causes of this condition.
In recent years, the use of ultrasonography (USG) in anesthesia has become widespread with the rapid advancement of technology. The use of the patient's head is a non invasive method.
This study is aimed to evaluate whether the size of the venous diameter assessed by ultrasonography in our study is an effect on pain and withdrawal response after drug injections.
The study was conducted in patients who underwent surgical procedures under general anesthesia by obtaining consent from the Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty Ethics Board and written consent from the patients and then being admitted to the ASA I-II age group 18-70 years of age.
Patients with peripheric vascular disease, vasculitis, rheumatologic disease, non-cooperative, under the age of 18 and over 70, ASA III and above, allergic to general anesthetic agents and refusing to participate in the study were excluded from the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Venous diameter measurements were made via the USG in the hand dorsum. Transverse venous diameter ≤2mm was defined group 1. Anesthesia induction drugs were all treated in the same order and dose. Pain score, withdrawal movement score and hemodynamic response was recorded. |
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| Group 2 | Venous diameter measurements were made via the USG in the hand dorsum.Transverse venous diameter >2mm was defined group 2.Anesthesia induction drugs were all treated in the same order and dose. Pain score, withdrawal movement score and hemodynamic response was recorded. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain Score | Diagnostic Test | Four poin scala 0=No Pain
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The injection pain due to propofol | Pain will be recorded and graded using a 4-point scale (none, mild, moderate, or severe). | 6 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The withdrawal movement due to rocuronium | Withdrawal movements are scored as follows: (a) no movement response, (b) movement limited to the wrist, (c)movement limited to the elbow/shoulder, or (d) generalized movement response. | 6 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
18- 70 years of ASA (American society of anesthesiology) physical status I- II who were to undergo various elective operations
Exclusion Criteria:
Rheumatologic disease Peripheric vascular disease Vasculitis Patients with chronic pain syndrome, Patients with neurologic deficits, Patients with thrombophlebitis, Patients with difficult venous access, Patients with allergy
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The study was conducted on 145 patients aged 17- 70 years of ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status I- II who were to undergo various elective operations. None of the patients was premedicated before the operation. Venous diameter measurements were performed in preoperative room via USG.The patients were monitored with three derivation electrocardiogram, non- invasive arterial pressure, and pulse oximeter.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sinan Yılmaz | Aydin Adnan Menderes University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adnan Menderes University Training and Research Hospital | Aydin | 09100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000069336 | Neurovascular Coupling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002560 | Cerebrovascular Circulation |
| D001775 | Blood Circulation |
| D002320 | Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena |
| D002943 | Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena |
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| Withdrawal movement score | Diagnostic Test | Withdrawal movements
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| hemodynamic response | Diagnostic Test | Hemodynamic data were recorded in the patients taken in the operation room. (T0). Hemodynamic values (T1) measured 1 minute after administration of intravenous propofol were recorded. Hemodynamic values (T2) measured 1 minute after administration of intravenous rocuronium were recorded. Hemodynamic values (T3) measured 1 minute after administration of endotracheal intubation were recorded. |
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