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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01DK098072 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source | |
| P2CHD050924 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) | NIH |
| Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) | NIH |
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The objective of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the dietary intake of SNAP participants and nonparticipants by food source, including grocery stores, sit-down restaurants, and fast food.
The study used 4,237 low-income adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2006 and 2011-2014). De-identified data was collected from demographic questionnaires and 24 hour dietary recalls. We assessed intake of calories, solid fats, added sugars, and servings of non-starchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains, by food source in SNAP participants and income-eligible nonparticipants. Associations between SNAP participation and dietary intake were analyzed using multivariate linear regression controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-2004 | Adults 20-64 at or below 130% of the federal poverty level who completed one 24-hour dietary recall | ||
| 2005-2006 | Adults 20-64 at or below 130% of the federal poverty level who completed one 24-hour dietary recall | ||
| 2011-2012 | Adults 20-64 at or below 130% of the federal poverty level who completed one 24-hour dietary recall | ||
| 2013-2014 | Adults 20-64 at or below 130% of the federal poverty level who completed one 24-hour dietary recall |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Caloric intake | Number of calories consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. | 2003-2014 |
| Solid fat | Number of grams of solid fat and percent of intake from solid fat consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. | 2003-2014 |
| Added sugar | Number of grams of added sugar and percent of intake from added sugar consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. | 2003-2014 |
| Non-starchy vegetables | Cup-equivalent servings of non-starchy vegetables consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. | 2003-2014 |
| Whole fruit | Cup-equivalent servings of whole fruits consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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4,237 low-income adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2006 and 2011-2014)
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Barry Popkin, PhD | University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | Principal Investigator |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| 2003-2014 |
| Whole grains | Ounce-equivalents of whole grains consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level. | 2003-2014 |