Our objective for this R34 is to develop gender/culture specific and trauma informed group psychotherapy intervention designed to treat Chinese-, Korean-, and Vietnamese-American young women with histories of interpersonal violence trauma. The intervention is called Asian Women's Action for Resilience and Empowerment (AWARE).

Recent epidemiological studies document two emerging public health problems among Asian-Pacific Islander (API) women in the US:

1. A growing incidence of HIV/AIDS. Although the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among APIs is low compared to those among Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics, HIV infection among APIs significantly increased (44%) between 2004 and 2007. Additionally, 75% of HIV transmission among API women is through heterosexual intercourse, which is substantially higher than percentages among other racial/ethnic groups of women.
2. Poor mental health functioning exhibited by completed suicide rates. Young API women (ages 15 to 34) have not only the highest rates of completed suicide compared to other women of the same age in the US, but also experienced the largest growth in rates of suicide over the past decade.

Our preliminary studies using both quantitative and qualitative methods found strong links between past trauma and poor sexual and mental health outcomes. For API women, reporting a history of forced sex was associated with higher odds of severe depression, substance use, getting pregnant, and HIV risk behaviors compared to API women who did not report a history of forced sex. API women continue to be vulnerable given their lower rates of HIV testing, lower mental health utilization, and premature dropout rates in mental health treatment compared to other racial groups. So far, no existing intervention targets both sexual health and mental health problems among API women. Specifically, this study builds upon data on API women from prior NIMH-funded work as the foundation for our intervention.

Inclusion Criteria:

• self-identify as female;
• are unmarried;
• are between the ages 18 and 35;
• are of Chinese, Korean, and/or Vietnamese descent;
• are 1.5 (immigrated to the US before the age of 18) or 2nd (US-born children of 1st generation immigrants) generation;
• are fluent in English;
• have a mobile phone with text messaging;
• have had penile-vaginal intercourse in their lifetime;
• have a history of exposure to at least one of five selected criteria in the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ). These criteria include: beaten by stranger, death threat, childhood physical abuse, family violence, and partner physical assault;

Exclusion Criteria:

• at current significant risk of homicidal or suicidal behavior
• having symptoms of psychosis;
• have previously experienced natural disasters or other non-violent trauma;
• are of mixed race other than Korean-, Chinese-, or Vietnamese-Americans;