The Dexcom G5 CGM is a subcutaneous glucose sensor that provides an estimate of the prevailing blood glucose concentration approximately every 5 minutes.The Dexcom G5 sensor alerts the user if the prevailing glucose concentration is higher or lower than predetermined thresholds, or if it is changing too fast. In addition, the Share/Follow functionality of the Dexcom G5 allows up to 5 people ("followers") to receive in real-time information about the current blood glucose concentration and rate of change.

The Dexcom G5 system will be used by participants and clinical study staff to monitor glucose levels 24h/day during the camp, ensure participants safety, and compute glycemic control outcomes

Subjects will use a subcutaneous pump to deliver insulin and control their glycemia.

The percentage of time spent below 60 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 60 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 60 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 70 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 70 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 180 mg/dL during the overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 180 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 180 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 250 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 250 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 250 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 300 mg/dL. CGM measured blood sugar values above 300 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 300 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

Mean glucose is a measure of the average CGM value in mg/dL during the Overall period. A lower value, without approaching hypoglycemia, is indicative of a desirable outcome.

Variability of glucose during the Overall period

Amount (U/kg) of insulin administered during the Overall period

The amount of carbohydrates in grams administered as treatment for hypoglycemia in the Overall period.

The percentage of time spent below 50 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 50 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 50 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 54 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 54 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 54 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 60 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 60 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 60 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 70 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 70 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 180 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 180 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 180 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 250 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 250 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 250 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 300 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 300 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 300 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

Mean glucose is a measure of the average CGM value in mg/dL during the Daytime period. A lower value, without approaching hypoglycemia, is indicative of a desirable outcome.

Variability of glucose during the Daytime period

Amount (U/kg) of insulin administered during the Daytime period

The amount of carbohydrates in grams administered as treatment for hypoglycemia in the Daytime period.

The percentage of time spent below 50 mg/dL during the Overnight period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 50 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 50 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 54 mg/dL during the Overnight period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 54 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 54 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 60 mg/dL during the Overnight period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 60 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 60 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 70 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 70 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

This outcome looks at the percentage of time spent between 70 and 150 mg/dL during the Overnight, defined as 11pm-7am.

The percentage of time spent above 180 mg/dL during the Overnight period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 180 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 180 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 250 mg/dL during the Overnight period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 250 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 250 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 300 mg/dL during the Overnight period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 300 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 300 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

Mean glucose is a measure of the average CGM value in mg/dL during the Overnight period. A lower value, without approaching hypoglycemia, is indicative of a desirable outcome.

Variability of glucose during the Overnight period

Amount (U/kg) of insulin administered during the Overnight period

The amount of carbohydrates in grams administered as treatment for hypoglycemia in the Overnight period.

The percentage of time spent below 50 mg/dL during the Skiing period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 50 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 50 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 54 mg/dL during the Skiing period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 54 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 54 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 60 mg/dL during the Skiing period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 60 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 60 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dL during the Skiing period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 70 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 70 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 180 mg/dL during the Skiing period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 180 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 180 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 250 mg/dL during the Skiing period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 250 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 250 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The percentage of time spent above 300 mg/dL during the Skiing period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 300 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 300 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

Mean glucose is a measure of the average CGM value in mg/dL during the Skiing period. A lower value, without approaching hypoglycemia, is indicative of a desirable outcome.

Variability of glucose during the Skiing period

Amount (U/kg) of insulin administered during the Skiing period

The amount of carbohydrates in grams administered as treatment for hypoglycemia in the Skiing period.

Total of all reporting groups

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

48 participated and completed the study (24 in UVA, 12 in Colorado, and 12 at Stanford). One subject signed consent but didn't met eligibility (no history of pump use), and five subjects left the study after a change in the Stanford camp dates (blizzard cancellation).

The control SAP group used their home insulin pumps. All participants were fitted with a Dexcom CGM G5 continuous glucose monitor with Share™ capability with minimum calibration before breakfast and dinner (7:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M.) using a study-provided blood glucose meter (BGM) (ContourNext Link; Ascencia Diabetes Care, Parsippany, NJ).

This outcome looks at the percentage of time spent between 70 and 180 mg/dL during the Daytime, defined as 7am-11pm.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens." Data for three participants were excluded. For one subject, a software error resulted in prolonged AP system downtime. For a second subject, repeated pump occlusions resulted in prolonged system downtime. For the third subject, the Tandem pump was initialized with a sibling's pump settings resulting in strongly biased results.

This outcome looks at the percentage of time spent between 70 and 180 mg/dL during the Overnight, defined as 11pm-7am.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens." Data for three participants were excluded. For one subject, a software error resulted in prolonged AP system downtime. For a second subject, repeated pump occlusions resulted in prolonged system downtime. For the third subject, the Tandem pump was initialized with a sibling's pump settings resulting in strongly biased results.

This outcome looks at the percentage of time spent between 70 and 180 mg/dL during the Skiing periods, defined as 9:30am-noon and 1:30pm-4pm.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens." Data for three participants were excluded. For one subject, a software error resulted in prolonged AP system downtime. For a second subject, repeated pump occlusions resulted in prolonged system downtime. For the third subject, the Tandem pump was initialized with a sibling's pump settings resulting in strongly biased results.

The percentage of time spent below 50 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 50 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 50 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent below 54 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 54 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 54 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent below 60 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 60 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 60 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 70 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 70 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent above 180 mg/dL during the overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 180 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 180 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent above 250 mg/dL during the Overall period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 250 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 250 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent above 300 mg/dL. CGM measured blood sugar values above 300 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 300 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

Mean glucose is a measure of the average CGM value in mg/dL during the Overall period. A lower value, without approaching hypoglycemia, is indicative of a desirable outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

Variability of glucose during the Overall period

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

Amount (U/kg) of insulin administered during the Overall period

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The amount of carbohydrates in grams administered as treatment for hypoglycemia in the Overall period.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent below 50 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 50 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 50 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent below 54 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 54 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 54 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent below 60 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 60 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 60 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values below 70 mg/dL falls into the range of hypoglycemia which have the potential to lead to unconsciousness or death. Thus, less time below 70 mg/dL is considered a better outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent above 180 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 180 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 180 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."

The percentage of time spent above 250 mg/dL during the Daytime period. CGM measured blood sugar values above 250 mg/dL are considered to be undesirable. Thus, less time spent above 250 mg/dL is considered a positive outcome.

The "All" row is the combined total of participants in the following rows "School-age" and "Teens."