The term of End Stage of Liver Disease (ESLD) was raised in 80's of 20 Century, but without a restrict definition. Infections are the cause and effect in occurrence and development of ESLD, which not only induce or exacerbate ESLD, but also are the most combined complication. Multi-resistant bacteria, multi-organ injury, selection of anti-microbes, supporting treatment, disorder of intestine microbiota, et al are dilemma in clinical practice. Appropriate and formal diagnosis and treatment of ESLD combined infection are imperious nowadays.

Inclusion Criteria:

Decompensation of liver cirrhosis:

1. ALB <35 g / L; A / G <1.0
2. TBIL> 35μmol / L;
3. ALT> 1 × ULN and / or AST> 1 × ULN
4. PTA <60%
5. Ascites or hepatic encephalopathy or esophageal variceal bleeding

Acute-on-chronic liver failure:

1. Chronic liver disease based on: chronic hepatitis or decompensated cirrhosis
2. onset time: <4 weeks
3. Hepatic encephalopathy: with or without
4. Coagulation: PTA ≤ 40% or INR ≥ 1.5
5. Jaundice: TBIL ≥ 171μmol / L or daily increase ≥ 17.1μmol / L

Chronic liver failure:

1. The basis of chronic liver disease: decompensated cirrhosis
2. onset time: -
3. Hepatic encephalopathy: with or without
4. Coagulation: PTA ≤ 40% or INR ≥ 1.5 Jaundice: significantly higher

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Patients with chronic liver disease