Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study examined the effects of pain neuroscience education plus exercise when compared with exercise only in university students with chronic idiopathic neck pain.
This study examined the effects of pain neuroscience education plus exercise when compared with exercise only in university students with chronic idiopathic neck pain.
University students with chronic neck pain were randomly allocated to receive pain neuroscience education and exercise or exercise only and assessed at baseline, after the intervention and at 3 months follow up. Outcome variables were pain intensity (primary outcome), disability, fear of movement, catastrophizing, knowledge of pain neurophysiology, pressure pain thresholds and neck and scapular muscle endurance.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| pain neuroscience education and exercise | Experimental | This group received pain neuroscience education and exercise once a week over 4 weeks |
|
| Exercise | Active Comparator | This group received exercise directed at the neck and shoulder regions once a week over 4 weeks |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Other | Exercises were aimed at increasing the endurance and strength of the deep neck flexor and extensor muscles and of the scapular stabilizer muscles. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity | Measured using the visual analogue scale | At the beginning |
| Pain intensity | Measured using the visual analogue scale | 5 weeks |
| Pain intensity | Measured using the visual analogue scale | At 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Deep neck flexor endurance | Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in supine and he/she is asked to flex the upper cervical spine, move their head away from the couch approximately 2.5 cm and then maintain this position for as long as possible. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position. | At the beginning |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anabela Silva, PhD | University of Aveiro | Principal Investigator |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Pain neuroscience education | Other | Pain neuroscience education covered the neurophysiology of pain, transition from acute to chronic pain and the nervous system ability to modulate the pain experience. |
|
| Deep neck flexor endurance | Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in supine and he/she is asked to flex the upper cervical spine, move their head away from the couch approximately 2.5 cm and then maintain this position for as long as possible. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position. | 5 weeks |
| Neck extensors endurance | Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in prone and position, head neutral, and supporting 2 Kg weight hanging from it. Participants were asked to support this weight for as long as possible while maintaining the neutral head positioning. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position. | At the beginning |
| Neck extensors endurance | Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in prone and position, head neutral, and supporting 2 Kg weight hanging from it. Participants were asked to support this weight for as long as possible while maintaining the neutral head positioning. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position. | 5 weeks |
| Scapular stabilizers endurance | Method of assessment - physical test; Method of assessment - physical test; Participants were standing with the shoulders and elbows flexed at 90º, while pulling both extremities of a dynamometer to reach 1 Kg of force. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participants was able to hold this position. | At the beginning |
| Scapular stabilizers endurance | Method of assessment - physical test; Method of assessment - physical test; Participants were standing with the shoulders and elbows flexed at 90º, while pulling both extremities of a dynamometer to reach 1 Kg of force. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participants was able to hold this position. | 5 weeks |
| Pressure pain thresholds | Method of assessment - psychophysical test; Pressure was applied over the trapezius and at C5-C6 with a algometer until the participant first felt pain. The results was the quantity of force (in Kgf) supported by participants. | At the beginning |
| Pressure pain thresholds | Method of assessment - psychophysical test; Pressure was applied over the trapezius and at C5-C6 with a algometer until the participant first felt pain. The results was the quantity of force (in Kgf) supported by participants. | 5 weeks |
| Disability | Method of assessment - the neck pain disability index | At the beginning |
| Disability | Method of assessment - the neck pain disability index | 5 weeks |
| Disability | Method of assessment - the neck pain disability index | 3 months |
| catastrophizing | Method of assessment - Pain catastrophising scale | at beginning |
| catastrophizing | Method of assessment - Pain catastrophising scale | 5 weeks |
| catastrophizing | Method of assessment - Pain catastrophising scale | 3 months |
| fear of movement | method of assessment - the Tampa Scale | At the beginning |
| fear of movement | method of assessment - the Tampa Scale | 5 weeks |
| fear of movement | method of assessment - the Tampa Scale | 3 months |
| Knowledge of pain neurophysiology | method of assessment - scale; the neurophysiology of pain questionnaire | at beginning |
| Knowledge of pain neurophysiology | method of assessment - scale; the neurophysiology of pain questionnaire | 5 weeks |
| Knowledge of pain neurophysiology | method of assessment - scale; the neurophysiology of pain questionnaire | 3 months |