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The intake of processed meat products has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. However, estimation of their intake proves difficult. This study aims at identifying biomarkers of intake for processed meat products in blood and urine. For this, participants of a randomized cross-over dietary intervention will consume highly controlled diets containing non-processed pork, different processed meat products or no meat. Urine and plasma will be collected and analysed to identify sets of metabolites that are specific for the intake of the processed meat products.
The intake of processed meat has been linked to several adverse health outcomes such as cancer. However, little is known about the respective effects of the single products in this diverse group.
Most epidemiological studies rely on self-reported questionnaires to assess the intake of different foods. Even though this method is relatively easy to perform, it is prone to errors such as memory biases of subjects or difficulties in estimating portion size. The use of food specific biomarkers may overcome this limitation by offering an objective quantification of dietary exposure. No biomarkers for the consumption of processed meat products have been established yet.
Twelve human healthy adults will participate in a randomized cross-over dietary intervention study and will consume three different processed meat products, fresh meat or no meat, each during 3 successive days followed by a 10-day washout period. The metabolite profile in urine and plasma samples will be analysed to find metabolites that are specific for the intake of the processed meat products.
The identification of these biomarkers in blood and urine will allow a more precise estimation of intake of different processed meat products. This will enable a more robust estimation of the risk linked to the intake of processed meat products.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofu control | Active Comparator | Volunteers will consume a vegetarian diet containing tofu during 3 days for 5 meals in total |
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| Non-processed pork diet | Experimental | Volunteers will consume a diet containing non-processed pork during 3 days for 5 meals in total |
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| Bacon diet | Experimental | Volunteers will consume a diet containing bacon during 3 days for 5 meals in total |
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| Sausage diet | Experimental | Volunteers will consume a diet containing sausage during 3 days for 5 meals in total |
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| Dry-cured sausage diet | Experimental | Volunteers will consume a diet containing dry-cured sausage during 3 days for 5 meals in total |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Processed meat dietary intervention | Other | Randomized cross-over dietary intervention with 5 different diets |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma biomarkers of meat intake | Plasma samples will be analysed by UPLC-MS to identify metabolites specific for processed meat intake | After approx. 60 h of dietary intervention |
| Urinary biomarkers of meat intake | Urine samples will be analysed by UPLC-MS to identify metabolites specific for processed meat intake | After approx. 48 h of dietary intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Biomarkers of meat intake in spot urine | Spot urine samples will be analysed by UPLC-MS to identify metabolites specific for processed meat intake | 2 hours after the first dinner of each intervention period |
| Biomarkers of meat intake in spot urine |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Augustin Scalbert, PhD | International Agency for Research on Cancer | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Agency for Research on Cancer | Lyon | France |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35754192 | Derived | Li C, Imamura F, Wedekind R, Stewart ID, Pietzner M, Wheeler E, Forouhi NG, Langenberg C, Scalbert A, Wareham NJ. Development and validation of a metabolite score for red meat intake: an observational cohort study and randomized controlled dietary intervention. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Aug 4;116(2):511-522. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac094. | |
| 32492168 |
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Volunteers consume five different diets in a randomized cross-over dietary intervention.
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Data analyst will know the foods consumed before samples were taken
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Spot urine samples will be analysed by UPLC-MS to identify metabolites specific for processed meat intake
| Approx. 12 h after the first dinner of each intervention period |
| Wedekind R, Kiss A, Keski-Rahkonen P, Viallon V, Rothwell JA, Cross AJ, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Sandanger TM, Jakszyn P, Schmidt JA, Pala V, Vermeulen R, Schulze MB, Kuhn T, Johnson T, Trichopoulou A, Peppa E, La Vechia C, Masala G, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Wittenbecher C, de Magistris MS, Dahm CC, Severi G, Mancini FR, Weiderpass E, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I, Scalbert A. A metabolomic study of red and processed meat intake and acylcarnitine concentrations in human urine and blood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;112(2):381-388. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa140. |
| 31559413 | Derived | Wedekind R, Keski-Rahkonen P, Robinot N, Viallon V, Ferrari P, Engel E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Mancini FR, Kuhn T, Johnson T, Boeing H, Bergmann M, Karakatsani A, Trichopoulou A, Peppa H, Agnoli C, Santucci de Magistris M, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I, Scalbert A. Syringol metabolites as new biomarkers for smoked meat intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Dec 1;110(6):1424-1433. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz222. |