Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. Unfortunately, at the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients already have metastatic disease and a systemic, palliative treatment is the primary therapeutic option.

Guidelines for PS 2 patients or older than 75 years old patients at the time of diagnosis recommend for fit patients a carboplatin doublet chemotherapy.

Nivolumab has proven efficacy in 3rd line squamous cell lung carcinoma and is superior to chemotherapy in 2nd line treatment of squamous and non-squamous lung cancer in term of overall survival.

In 1st line, nivolumab failed to show superiority compared to a platin based doublet in terms of progression free survival and overall survival in tumors ≥ 5% PD-L1 expression. The association Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab showed encouraging results in first line setting in phase 1 study.

The investigators think that with regard to the manageable toxicity of nivolumab in lung cancer population and the possibility to obtain long responses, this association could be a valid option for this population of elderly and/or PS2 patients in term of overall survival.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed written informed consent
• Cytologically or histologically proven NSCLC (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma)
• Stage IV or non-treatable by radiotherapy or surgery stage III (7th classification)
• No previous systemic chemotherapy for lung cancer, except in case of relapse after adjuvant treatment for localized disease with 6 months or more between end of previous chemotherapy and relapse
• Patients less than 70 years old and PS 2 or 70 years older PS 0 to 2
• Judged fit enough to receive a carboplatin based doublet according to ESMO guidelines
• Presence of at least one measurable target lesion (RECIST 1.1 rules) in a non-irradiated region and analysable by CT
• Life expectancy superior at 12 weeks
• Prior radiation therapy is authorized if it involved less than 25% of the total bone marrow volume and finished 14 days before D1 of planned treatment
• Screening laboratory values must meet the following criteria and should be obtained within 14 days prior to randomization/registration WBC superior or equal at at 2000/μL Neutrophils superior or equal at at 1500/μL Platelets superior or equal at at 100 x103/μL Hemoglobin superior at 10.0 g/dL Serum creatinine inferior or equal at 1.5 x ULN or creatinine clearance (CrCl) superior or equal at at 45 mL/min (if using the Cockcroft-Gault formula ) AST/ALT inferior or equal at 3 x ULN Total Bilirubin inferior or equal at 1.5 x ULN (except Patients with Gilbert Syndrome, who can have total bilirubin inferior at 3.0 mg/dL)
• Availability of adequate FFPE tumor-derived material (tumor blocks or slides) from a biopsy, surgery or fine needle aspirate for analysis of PD-L1 testing by IHC

Age and Reproductive Status

• Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must use appropriate method(s) of contraception during treatment.

WOCBP should use an adequate method to avoid pregnancy :

• For 23 weeks (30 days plus the time required for nivolumab to undergo five half-lives) after the last dose of nivolumab + ipilimumab,

• For 4 weeks after the last dose of carboplatine + pemetrexed,

• For 5 weeks after the last dose of carboplatine + paclitaxel.

  • Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG) within 24 hours prior to the start of treatment
  • Women must not be breastfeeding
  • Men who are sexually active with WOCBP must use any contraceptive method with a failure rate of less than 1% per year during treatment Men will be instructed to adhere to contraception for a period of 31 weeks after the last dose of nivolumab + ipilimumab and with carboplatine +pemetrexed or carboplatine + paclitaxel up to 6 months thereafter.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with other severe concurrent disorders that occurred during the prior six months before enrollment (myocardial infection, severe or unstable angor, coronarian or peripheric arterial bypass operation, NYHA class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure, transient or constituted cerebral ischemic attack, at least grade 2 peripheral neuropathy, psychiatric or neurological disorders preventing the patient from understanding the trial, uncontrolled infections) are not eligible.
• Serious or uncontrolled systemic disease judged as incompatible with the protocol by the investigator
• Another previous or concomitant cancer, except for basocellular cancer of the skin or treated cervical cancer in situ, or appropriately treated localized low-grade prostate cancer (Gleason score inferior at 6), unless the initial tumor was diagnosed and definitively treated more than 5 years previously, with no evidence of relapse.
• Known activating mutation of EGFR (del LREA exon 19, mutation L858R or L861X of exon 21, mutation G719A/S in exon 18) or EML4-ALK or ROS-1 translocation
• Superior at caval syndrome
• Uncontrolled infectious status
• All concurrent radiotherapy
• Concurrent administration of one or several other anti-tumor therapies.
• Psychological, familial, social or geographic difficulties preventing follow-up as defined by the protocol.
• Protected person (adults legally protected (under judicial protection, guardianship or supervision), person deprived of their liberty, pregnant woman, lactating woman and minor),
• Concurrent participation in another clinical trial
• Patients are excluded if they have active brain metastases or leptomeningeal metastases. Patients with brain metastases are eligible if metastases have been treated and there is no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of progression for [lowest minimum is 4 weeks or more] after treatment is complete and within 28 days prior to the first dose of nivolumab and ipilimumab administration. There must also be no requirement for immunosuppressive doses of systemic corticosteroids (superior at 10 mg/day prednisone equivalents) for at least 2 weeks prior to study drug administration.
• Patients should be excluded if they have an active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Patients are permitted to enroll if they have vitiligo, type I diabetes mellitus, residual hypothyroidism due to autoimmune condition only requiring hormone replacement, psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger
• Patients should be excluded if they have a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (superior at 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration. Inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses superior at 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease.
• Patients should be excluded if they are positive test for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBV sAg) or hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV antibody) indicating acute or chronic infection
• Patients should be excluded if they have known history of testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• Patients should be excluded if they have a lung disease that is symptomatic or may interfere with the detection or management of suspected drug-related pulmonary toxicity
• Allergies and Adverse Drug Reaction
• History of allergy to study drug components
• Severe spinal hypoplasia and / or hemorrhagic tumors