The Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescents in Low-income and Middle-income Countries

The Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescents: Analysis of Data From the Global School-Based Student Health and Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Surveys in 57 Low-income and Middle-income Countries

Individual-participant data analysis of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey and Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys in 57 LMICs between 2003-2013.

We used the most recent Global School-Based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) and Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HSBC) surveys, with data available on height and weight. The GSHS is a World Health Organisation (WHO) initiative, designed to assess health behaviours of adolescents through cross-sectional school-based surveys, across several countries using similar standardised procedures. The HSBC study are WHO sponsored cross-sectional school-based surveys that uses similar standardised procedures to the GSHS to examine the physical and mental health of adolescents in the WHO European Region and North America.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Low-income or middle-income countries with completed Global School-Based Student Health Survey or Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys.
• Adolescents aged 12-15 years
• Recorded sex, height and weight

Exclusion Criteria:

- High-income countries