.The aim of this study is to identify the analgesic effect of intraoperative ketamine intravenous infusion on patients undergoing intestinal surgery and its effect on salivary cortisol and alpha amylase levels as indicator of its effect.

I- Group K (ketamine): 30 patients will receive intraoperative intravenous ketamine infusion.

II- Group C (control): 30 patients will receive intraoperative intravenous normal saline infusion.

Inclusion Criteria:

• - Patient's status ASA status-I and II.
• Patients age above 18 years old.
• Patients scheduled for intestinal surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient refusal.
• Patients with known allergy to ketamine or morphine.
• Patients with significant hepatic dysfunction.
• Patients with severe renal disease.
• Significant Heart disease.
• Patients with chronic pain.
• Regular use analgesics, antidepressants or opioids in last 2 months.
• Any known convulsive disorder.
• Morbid obesity (BMI>35).
• Patients with autoimmune disease
• Patients on corticosteroid therapy
• Pregnancy.
• Breast feeding.
• Woman under hormonal treatment.
• Oral disease.

above 18