The investigators will assess and acquire data on these Veterans across the course of the project prior to and after receiving Prolonged Exposure (PE) or Cognitive Processing Theory (CPT) treatment at VA Palo Alto (VAPAHCS) and the Albuquerque VA. They will acquire fMRI, behavioral, EEG, TMS/EEG, and saliva at baseline on these Veterans and again 3 months after treatment to assess prediction and durability of the clinical and brain/behavioral metrics. All study assessments will take place at Stanford University/VAPAHCS. Subjects will be recruited through VAPAHCS and Albuquerque VA. Subjects will complete a clinical assessment including: neuroimaging, self-report questionnaires completed via computer or paper-and-pencil, cognitive testing, saliva, and TMS and EEG assessments.

The investigators will assess and acquire data on these Veterans who do not have history of PTSD and have no history of any Axis I psychiatric disorder, are taking psychotropic medication, or use illicit drugs. They will acquire fMRI, behavioral, EEG, TMS/EEG, and saliva once. All study assessments will take place at Stanford University. Subjects will be recruited through public flying, online ads and VAPAHCS. Subjects will complete a clinical assessment including: neuroimaging, self-report questionnaires completed via computer or paper-and-pencil, cognitive testing, saliva, and TMS and EEG assessments.

We will be using CAPS 5