High Versus Low Frequency rTMS on Motor Dysfunction in PD

The Effect of High Versus Low Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease; Which is More Beneficial?

The aim of the study is to compare high versus low frequency rTMS on motor dysfunction in PD. Forty patients with PD participated in the study.

The patients were randomly assigned into two groups; the first group received 1Hz and the 2nd one received 20 Hz rTMS daily for 10 days 5 sessions every week. The doctors who assess the patients clinically is blind for the frequency of rTMS, also patients don't know which type of stimulation they received. The patients were followed up before and after the 10 sessions and one month later.

The aim of the study is to compare high versus low frequency rTMS on motor dysfunction in PD. Forty patients with PD participated in the study.

The patients were randomly assigned into two groups; the first group received 1Hz and the 2nd one received 20 Hz rTMS daily for 10 days 5 sessions every week and 2 days off per week. The doctors who assess the patients clinically is blind for the frequency of rTMS, also patients don't know which type of stimulation they received. The patients were followed up before and after the 10 sessions and one month later.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All PD patients who were diagnosed according to UK bank criteria for PD.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of repeated head injury.
• History of repeated cerebrovascular strokes
• History of defined encephalitis
• Oculogyric crisis, supra nuclear gaze palsy.
• Family history of more than one relative
• severe dementia, MMSE < 23, severe depression
• Cerebellar signs
• Babiniski sign
• Hydrocephalus or intracranial lesion on neuroimaging
• Patients with intracranial on neuroimaging
• Patients with intracranial metallic device or pacemaker
• Patients who were unable to give informed consent because of severe anesthesia, or cognitive deficit